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Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf
Bigelow's Tobacco
USDA NIQUB
Costanoan Drug, Cathartic
Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14
Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf
Bigelow's Tobacco
USDA NIQUB
Costanoan Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14
Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf
Bigelow's Tobacco
USDA NIQUB
Costanoan Drug, Ear Medicine
Plant smoke blown into the ear for earaches.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14
Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf
Bigelow's Tobacco
USDA NIQUB
Costanoan Drug, Emetic
Fresh leaves chewed as an emetic.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14
Oenanthe sarmentosa K. Presl ex DC.
Water Parsely
USDA OESA
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Raw or cooked stems used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251
Opuntia sp.
Prickly Pear
Costanoan Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Poultice of warm fruit applied and warm fruit juice rubbed on for rheumatism.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 10
Opuntia sp.
Prickly Pear
Costanoan Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251
Orthocarpus sp.

Costanoan Drug, Cough Medicine
Decoction of foliage used for coughs.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15
Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.
Brown's Peony
USDA PABR
Costanoan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of roots or plants used for stomachaches and indigestion.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7
Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.
Brown's Peony
USDA PABR
Costanoan Drug, Laxative
Decoction of plants taken for constipation.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7
Paeonia brownii Dougl. ex Hook.
Brown's Peony
USDA PABR
Costanoan Drug, Pulmonary Aid
Decoction of roots used for pneumonia.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 7
Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.
Birdfoot Cliffbrake
USDA PEMUM
Costanoan Drug, Antihemorrhagic
Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up 'bad blood.'
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.
Birdfoot Cliffbrake
USDA PEMUM
Costanoan Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up 'bad blood.'
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.
Birdfoot Cliffbrake
USDA PEMUM
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid
Infusion of leaves used as a wash for facial sores.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.
Birdfoot Cliffbrake
USDA PEMUM
Costanoan Drug, Emetic
Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up 'bad blood.'
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Pellaea mucronata (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat.
Birdfoot Cliffbrake
USDA PEMUM
Costanoan Drug, Febrifuge
Infusion of sprouts taken for fevers.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Penstemon centranthifolius Benth.
Scarlet Bugler
USDA PECE2
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of plant applied to deep, infected sores.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15
Penstemon centranthifolius Benth.
Scarlet Bugler
USDA PECE2
Costanoan Drug, Disinfectant
Poultice of plant applied to deep, infected sores.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15
Phacelia californica Cham.
California Scorpionweed
USDA PHCA
Costanoan Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of root used for fevers.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 13
Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.
California Foothill Pine
USDA PISA2
Costanoan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal)
Pitch chewed for rheumatism.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 6
Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl.
California Foothill Pine
USDA PISA2
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Pine nuts used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Plantago major L.
Common Plantain
USDA PLMA2
Costanoan Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of roots taken for fever.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11
Plantago major L.
Common Plantain
USDA PLMA2
Costanoan Drug, Laxative
Decoction of roots taken for constipation.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11
Platanus racemosa Nutt.
California Sycamore
USDA PLRA
Costanoan Drug, Panacea
Infusion of plant used as a general remedy.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20
Platanus racemosa Nutt.
California Sycamore
USDA PLRA
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Inner bark used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Platanus racemosa Nutt.
California Sycamore
USDA PLRA
Costanoan Other, Cooking Tools
Leaves used to wrap bread during baking.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern
USDA POMU
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes eaten, boiled or baked in coals.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl
Western Swordfern
USDA POMU
Costanoan Other, Cooking Tools
Fronds used to line earth ovens.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Populus sp.
Poplar
Costanoan Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Decoction of bark made into a syrup and used to set broken bones.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21
Populus sp.
Poplar
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Inner bark used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Prosartes hookeri var. hookeri
Drops Of Gold
USDA DIHOH
Costanoan Drug, Kidney Aid
Fruit used for the kidneys.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 28
Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.
Hollyleaf Cherry
USDA PRILI
Costanoan Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.
Hollyleaf Cherry
USDA PRILI
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Soaked, roasted inner kernels used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr.
Hollyleaf Cherry
USDA PRILI
Costanoan Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used for bows.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
Western Chokecherry
USDA PRVID
Costanoan Food, Fruit
Fruits used for food, late in season only.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) A. Anderb.
Ladies' Tobacco
USDA PSCA13
Costanoan Drug, Analgesic
Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) A. Anderb.
Ladies' Tobacco
USDA PSCA13
Costanoan Drug, Cold Remedy
Infusion of plant taken for colds.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) A. Anderb.
Ladies' Tobacco
USDA PSCA13
Costanoan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Infusion of plant taken for stomach pain.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Western Brackenfern
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of root used as hair rinse or roots rubbed on scalp for hair growth.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 5
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Western Brackenfern
Costanoan Fiber, Basketry
Roots used in basketry.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Western Brackenfern
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Young fronds eaten raw or cooked.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Western Brackenfern
Costanoan Other, Containers
Fronds used to line acorn-leaching pits and earth ovens.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Western Brackenfern
Costanoan Other, Protection
Fronds used as sunshades.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247
Quercus agrifolia N‚e
California Live Oak
USDA QUAGA
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Acorns used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Quercus sp.
Red Oak
Costanoan Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of acorns used for diarrhea.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20
Quercus sp.
Red Oak
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy
Decoction of bark used for toothaches and to tighten loose teeth.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20
Quercus sp.
Red Oak
Costanoan Food, Unspecified
Acorns used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Quercus sp.
Red Oak
Costanoan Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used for bowls and mortars.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Quercus sp.
Red Oak
Costanoan Other, Fuel
Bark used as tinder.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248
Ranunculus sp.
Crow's Foot
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of plant used as a wash for wounds.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 8