| Lilium canadense L. Canadian Lily USDA LICAC |
Cherokee Food, Starvation Food Roots made into flour and used to make bread for famine times. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Lilium canadense L. Canadian Lily USDA LICAC |
Huron Food, Starvation Food Roots used with acorns during famine. Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Bulbs steamed in pits and used for food. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Klallam Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Lummi Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Bulbs formerly steamed and eaten cold with oil. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 85 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Bread & Cake Bulbs dried into cakes and stored for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Spice Bulbs dried into cakes and used as seasoning in meat soups. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten raw or boiled alone or with saskatoon berries. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagon Food, Staple Roots used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Roots used as an important food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Roots used extensively for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Quinault Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Samish Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Roasted roots used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Roots used extensively for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Skagit Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified Bulbs baked or steamed in an earth oven and eaten. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 40 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Skokomish Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Swinomish Food, Unspecified Corms steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 25 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Pit cooked bulbs dried for future use and usually cooked with meat. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Soup Bulbs used to make a soup like clam chowder. A vegetable soup was made with salmon heads, bitterroot, tiger lily bulbs, water horehound roots, chocolate lily bulbs, the 'dry' variety of saskatoon berries, dried powdered bracken fern rhizome and chopped wild onions. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Spice Thick, scaly bulbs eaten mainly as a condiment or cooked with food to add a pepper like flavoring. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 126 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Bulbs mixed with salmon roe and panther lily, boiled and eaten as a favorite dish. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Roots used as an important food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 237 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Roots used extensively for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker Columbian Lily USDA LICO |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Thick, scaly bulbs mixed with salmon roe, boiled and eaten as a favorite dish. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 |
| Lilium occidentale Purdy Eureka Lily USDA LIOC2 |
Karok Food, Unspecified Bulbs baked in the earth oven and eaten. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Lilium pardalinum Kellogg Leopard Lily USDA LIPAP2 |
Atsugewi Food, Unspecified Bulbs cooked in earth oven and used for food. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
| Lilium pardalinum Kellogg Leopard Lily USDA LIPAP2 |
Karok Food, Unspecified Bulbs baked in the earth oven and eaten. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Lilium pardalinum Kellogg Leopard Lily USDA LIPAP2 |
Yana Food, Unspecified Roots steamed and eaten. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 251 |
| Lilium parvum Kellogg Sierran Tiger Lily USDA LIPA3 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
| Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily USDA LIPHP |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Bulbs eaten with soup. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
| Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily USDA LIPHP |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten fresh. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
| Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily USDA LIPHP |
Meskwaki Food, Vegetable Straight roots gathered for potatoes. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 262 |
| Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker-Gawl. Wood Lily USDA LIPHA |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Snack Food Bulb segments eaten dried as a nibble. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 43 |
| Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker-Gawl. Wood Lily USDA LIPHA |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Bulb segments eaten fresh. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 43 |
| Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker-Gawl. Wood Lily USDA LIPHA |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Seeds and underground bulbs used for food. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 43 |