| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Winnebago Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |
| Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nels. Bulbous Springparsley USDA CYBU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Cypripedium acaule Ait. Pink Lady's Slipper USDA CYAC3 |
Rappahannock Drug, Panacea Compound of dried roots and whiskey taken for general ailments. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 32 |
| Dalea candida var. candida White Prairieclover USDA DACAC |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine,' especially for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33 |
| Dalea candida var. candida White Prairieclover USDA DACAC |
Pawnee Drug, Panacea Infusion of root taken as a prophylactic to keep away disease. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94 |
| Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners White Prairieclover USDA DACAO |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29 |
| Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Violet Prairieclover USDA DAPUP |
Pawnee Drug, Panacea Infusion of root taken as a prophylactic to keep away disease. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94 |
| Draba helleriana Greene Heller's Whitlowgrass USDA DRHEH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
| Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. American Dragonhead USDA DRPA2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 40 |
| Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray Wild Cucumber USDA ECLO |
Menominee Drug, Panacea Plant considered to be 'the greatest of all medicines' and always useful. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 33, 34 |
| Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray Wild Cucumber USDA ECLO |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Compound containing root used as a universal remedy for all sicknesses. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220 |
| Epilobium canum ssp. angustifolium (Keck) Raven Hummingbird Trumpet USDA EPCAA |
Costanoan Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant used as a general remedy. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAN5 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant taken for 'all diseases.' Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray Spreading Fleabane USDA ERDI4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Eriogonum alatum Torr. Winged Buckwheat USDA ERALA2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19 |
| Eriogonum alatum Torr. Winged Buckwheat USDA ERALA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of root used as an important 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23 |
| Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Annual Buckwheat USDA ERAN4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as a 'life medicine,' 'the boss of all medicines.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23 |
| Eriogonum jamesii Benth. James' Buckwheat USDA ERJAJ |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23 |
| Eriogonum leptophyllum (Torr. & Gray) Woot. & Standl. Slenderleaf Buckwheat USDA ERLE10 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Decoction of whole plant used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 23 |
| Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny Tall Cottongrass USDA ERANS |
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug, Panacea Raw stems eaten to restore good health to persons in generally poor health. Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 27 |
| Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Button Eryngo USDA ERYUY |
Creek Drug, Panacea Infusion of root used to produce 'an access of health.' Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 655656 |
| Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum Gray ex Coult. & Rose Button Eryngo USDA ERYUS |
Seminole Drug, Panacea Plant used medicinally for everything. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 161 |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset USDA EUPEP |
Mohegan Drug, Panacea Infusion of leaves taken in small doses for 'general debility.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset USDA EUPEP |
Mohegan Drug, Panacea Infusion taken for many ailments and general illness. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. Eastern Swampprivet USDA FOAC |
Houma Drug, Panacea Decoction of roots and bark taken as a 'health beverage.' Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 63 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Whole plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Quileute Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark used for 'any sort of disease.' Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
West Coast Indian Drug, Panacea Infusion of root bark or bark taken for most any sort of disease. Reagan, Albert, 1934, Various Uses of Plants by West Coast Indians, Washington Historical Quarterly 25:133-37, page 133 |
| Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. Showy Frasera USDA FRSP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 36 |
| Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. Showy Frasera USDA FRSP |
Shoshoni Drug, Panacea Decoction of roots taken as a tonic for any general weakness or illness. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 76 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Inner bark of trunk considered a remedy for any internal ailments. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh Scarlet Beeblossom USDA GACO5 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine,' especially for serious internal injury. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Geranium atropurpureum Heller Western Purple Cranesbill USDA GEATA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34 |
| Geranium lentum Woot. & Standl. Mogollon Geranium USDA GELE |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant taken for internal injury, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34 |
| Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. Richardson's Geranium USDA GERI |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34 |
| Geum aleppicum Jacq. Yellow Avens USDA GEAL3 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered roots used in a many herb remedy for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 39 |
| Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens USDA GECAC6 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 353 |
| Geum macrophyllum Willd. Largeleaf Avens USDA GEMAM |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Panacea Decoction of leaves taken for any sickness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 59 |
| Geum macrophyllum Willd. Largeleaf Avens USDA GEMAM |
Quinault Drug, Panacea Leaves chewed as a universal remedy, 'good for everything.' Willoughby, C., 1889, Indians of the Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory, Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1886, page 276 |
| Glandularia bipinnatifida var. ciliata (Benth.) B.L. Turner Davis Mountain Mock Vervain |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41 |
| Gleditsia triacanthos L. Honeylocust USDA GLTR |
Creek Drug, Panacea Pod considered a good antidote for the complaints of children. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 669 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Hamamelis virginiana L. American Witchhazel USDA HAVI4 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 347 |
| Helianthella parryi Gray Parry's Dwarfsunflower USDA HEPA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Decoction of root used as 'life medicine,' especially for arrow or bullet wounds. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Prairie Sunflower USDA HEPEP |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of whole plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52 |
| Heliomeris longifolia var. annua (M.E. Jones) Yates Longleaf Falsegoldeneye USDA HELOA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
| Heliomeris longifolia var. longifolia Longleaf Falsegoldeneye USDA HELOL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
| Heterotheca villosa var. villosa Hairy Goldenaster USDA HEVIV |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49 |
| Heuchera americana L. American Alumroot USDA HEAMA2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Compound containing root used as a 'healer.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246 |
| Heuchera novomexicana Wheelock New Mexico Alumroot USDA HENO |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29 |