| Polygonum amphibium L. Water Knotweed USDA POAMS |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered roots added to a many herb remedy and used for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 51 |
| Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed USDA PORAR |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
| Pontederia cordata L. Pickerelweed USDA POCO14 |
Montagnais Drug, Panacea 'Brew' from plant used for 'illness in general.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Populus alba L. White Poplar USDA POAL7 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Panacea Decoction of buds taken for colds, coughs and other illnesses. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark used for general discomfort. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 83 |
| Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy Edible Seaweed |
Hanaksiala Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant taken or poultice applied for any kind of sickness in the stomach or body. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 131 |
| Portulaca oleracea L. Little Hogweed USDA POOL |
Navajo Drug, Panacea Plant used to 'cure sick people.' Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 47 |
| Potentilla crinita Gray Bearded Cinquefoil USDA POCRC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of whole plant taken as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Potentilla hippiana var. hippiana Woolly Cinquefoil USDA POHIH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of root taken as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Potentilla pensylvanica L. Pennsylvania Cinquefoil USDA POPEP5 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Prunella vulgaris L. Common Selfheal USDA PRVUV |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant taken for any ailment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 425 |
| Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. Bitter Cherry USDA PREME |
Cowichan Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark and crabapple bark used as a cure all tonic for numerous ailments. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
| Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. Bitter Cherry USDA PREME |
Nitinaht Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark taken as a general tonic for healing any sickness. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. Bitter Cherry USDA PREME |
Saanich Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark and crabapple bark used as a cure all tonic for numerous ailments. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Dried fruit used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) W.A. Weber Cottonbatting Plant USDA PSST7 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Psilostrophe sparsiflora (Gray) A. Nels. Greenstem Paperflower USDA PSSP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 49 |
| Ptelea trifoliata L. Common Hoptree USDA PTTRT2 |
Menominee Drug, Panacea Root considered a sacred medicine and credited with all sorts of cures. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 51 |
| Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels Pacific Anemone USDA ANMUH2 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant, without roots, taken for any sickness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 57 |
| Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. Hoary Mountainmint USDA PYINI |
Choctaw Drug, Panacea Infusion of mashed leaves blown on sickly patient. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55 |
| Pyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia Liverleaf Wintergreen USDA PYASA |
Montagnais Drug, Panacea Decoction of leaves taken for any ailment. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Pyrola picta Sm. Whiteveined Wintergreen USDA PYPI2 |
Karok Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick child. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Panacea Bark used in many medicinal compounds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root bark used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh Alkali Buttercup USDA RACY |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22 |
| Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. Upright Prairie Coneflower USDA RACO3 |
Dakota Drug, Panacea Flowers used for chest pains and other ailments. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 368 |
| Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnh. Green Prairie Coneflower USDA RATA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Panacea Decoction of stems, leaves or berries used for complaint. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30 |
| Ribes hudsonianum Richards. Northern Black Currant USDA RIHUH |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Panacea Decoction of leaves and berries taken for sickness in general. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 11 |
| Ribes hudsonianum Richards. Northern Black Currant USDA RIHUH |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Roots used for any kind of sickness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 227 |
| Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Prickly Currant USDA RILA |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Berries used for health and strength. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 63 |
| Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock USDA RUCRC |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea 'Good for all illnesses.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 312 |
| Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock USDA RUCRC |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
| Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Canaigre Dock USDA RUHY |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 20 |
| Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc. Mexican Dock USDA RUSAM |
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant used for many complaints. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34 |
| Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L. Hitchc. Mexican Dock USDA RUSAM |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
| Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Peachleaf Willow USDA SAAM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and other ailments. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37 |
| Salix discolor Muhl. Pussy Willow USDA SADI |
Potawatomi Drug, Panacea Bark used as a universal remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 81 |
| Salix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo Willow USDA SALAL2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark taken to cause sweating for any disease. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
| Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan Purple Sage USDA SADOI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Panacea Decoction or infusion of leaves used for any illness of a general nature. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110 |
| Salvia officinalis L. Kitchen Sage USDA SAOF2 |
Mohegan Drug, Panacea Fresh leaves chewed to benefit the entire body. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli Blue Elderberry USDA SANIC5 |
Karok Drug, Panacea Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Panacea Piece of root eaten daily 'for general debility.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 80 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 337 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as a wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook. Purple Sanicle USDA SABI3 |
Miwok Drug, Panacea Decoction of root taken as a cure all. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172 |
| Sanvitalia abertii Gray Albert's Creeping Zinnia USDA SAAB |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Saururus cernuus L. Lizards Tail USDA SACE |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |