| Saxifraga pensylvanica L. Eastern Swamp Saxifrage USDA SAPE8 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Panacea Decoction of berries taken for sickness. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 13 |
| Silene drummondii var. drummondii Drummond's Campion USDA SIDRD |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27 |
| Solidago sp. Goldenrod |
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used by the diviner with his supernatural powers for illnesses. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Scarlet Globemallow USDA SPCOC |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36 |
| Sphaeralcea digitata (Greene) Rydb. Slippery Globemallow USDA SPDID |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36 |
| Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. Brownplume Wirelettuce USDA STPA4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Stephanomeria sp. |
Paiute Drug, Panacea Plant used for various ailments, especially fever. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317 |
| Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) S. Tomb Thorn Skeletonweed USDA STSP6 |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Plant used for almost every ailment. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 22 |
| Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Claspleaf Twistedstalk USDA STAMA2 |
Montagnais Drug, Panacea Infusion of stems and berries taken 'for sickness in general.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Tanacetum vulgare L. Common Tansy USDA TAVU |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Poultice of plants applied for any ailment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 473 |
| Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Pacific Yew USDA TABR2 |
Chehalis Drug, Panacea Infusion of crushed leaves used as a wash to improve general health. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Pacific Yew USDA TABR2 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of bark taken for any illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
| Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl. Bigflower Tellima USDA TEGR2 |
Skagit Drug, Panacea Decoction of pounded plants taken for any kind of sickness. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31 |
| Tetraneuris argentea (Gray) Greene Perkysue USDA TEAR4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47 |
| Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum Torr. Fendler's Meadowrue USDA THFEP2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Panacea Root used as a universal charm and panacea. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 348 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Abnaki Drug, Panacea Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered branches and many herbs used for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Penobscot Drug, Panacea Compound poultice of bark applied 'for all kinds of trouble.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion of twigs and roots taken as a panacea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tragia nepetifolia Cav. Catnip Noseburn USDA TRNED |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Trichostema lanatum Benth. Woolly Bluecurls USDA TRLA3 |
Mahuna Drug, Panacea Plant used for many ailments. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 48 |
| Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis Maystar USDA TRBOB |
Montagnais Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used for 'general sickness.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Trillium erectum L. Red Trillium USDA TRER3 |
Abnaki Drug, Panacea Bulbs ground and given to sick children with unidentified illnesses. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174 |
| Trillium erectum L. Red Trillium USDA TRER3 |
Abnaki Drug, Panacea Used by children for maladies. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Trillium sessile L. Toadshade USDA TRSE2 |
Wailaki Drug, Panacea Decoction of plants taken for any kind of sickness. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329 |
| Trillium sessile L. Toadshade USDA TRSE2 |
Yuki Drug, Panacea Decoction of plants taken for any kind of sickness. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 329 |
| Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. California Laurel USDA UMCAC |
Karok Drug, Panacea Plant used as steambath or burning bough to fumigate house for any sickness. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383 |
| Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. California Laurel USDA UMCAC |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Panacea Burning leaf vapor used for many diseases. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Klallam Drug, Panacea Infusion of nettles taken for many ailments. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
| Vaccinium sp. Blueberry |
Alabama Drug, Panacea Plant used for many unspecified ailments. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 664 |
| Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats. Woods Valerian USDA VADIS |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Infusion of roots used as an all purpose medicine. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Valeriana dioica var. sylvatica S. Wats. Woods Valerian USDA VADIS |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered roots and many other herbs used for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Veratrum californicum Dur. California False Hellebore USDA VECAC2 |
Paiute Drug, Panacea Plant used for a variety of maladies. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 195 |
| Veratrum viride Ait. American False Hellebore USDA VEVI |
Cherokee Drug, Panacea Infusion of roots rubbed on 'leg scratches' for kindred ailments. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8 |
| Veratrum viride Ait. American False Hellebore USDA VEVI |
Kwakiutl Drug, Panacea Braided leaves with the root suspended worn around the neck by sick people. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273 |
| Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Culver's Root USDA VEVI4 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Infusion of roots taken for all ailments and fevers. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 435 |
| Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American Vetch USDA VIAMA3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33 |
| Viola sp. Blue Violet |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386 |
| Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray Canada Cockleburr USDA XASTC |
Rappahannock Drug, Panacea Compound decoction used for complaint. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 30 |
| Zea mays L. Corn USDA ZEMAM2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Panacea Pollen eaten for almost any kind of medicine. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 77 |