| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Strawberries considered an important part of the diet. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Clallam Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Snack Food Fresh fruit eaten on sight as a nibble. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Hesquiat Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified Fruits eaten as a spring medicine. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Other, Ceremonial Items Fruits used as symbols of the Creator's beneficence in the Strawberry Thanksgiving ceremony. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Klamath Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Malecite Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of plant and dwarf raspberry used for irregular menstruation. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 258 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Menominee Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Meskwaki Food, Preserves Berries cooked into a jam for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Micmac Drug, Abortifacient Parts of plant used for irregular menstruation. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Nitinaht Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion taken for stomachaches. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used fresh or preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used in season. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Preserves Berries used to make preserves for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Berries used fresh or preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaf powder and deer fat applied to sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Disinfectant Leaf powder applied to any open sore as a disinfectant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Oral Aid Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Leaf powder dusted into baby's sore mouth. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Omaha Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Oweekeno Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Oweekeno Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 108 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Pawnee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ponca Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Salish, Coast Food, Beverage Leaves dried and used to make tea. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Salish, Coast Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Shuswap Food, Dried Food Dried berries used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of roots or whole plant taken for diarrhea or dysentery. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Berries used as deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of leaves given to children for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of roots or whole plant bottle fed to babies for diarrhea or dysentery. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Berries, if plentiful, dried for future use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Thompson Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 259 |