| Hydrangea arborescens L. Wild Hydrangea USDA HYAR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Root combined with root of iris versicolor and used for gallstones. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76 |
| Iris cristata Ait. Dwarf Crested Iris USDA IRCR |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound decoction of pulverized root used as salve for ulcers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
| Iris cristata Ait. Dwarf Crested Iris USDA IRCR |
Cherokee Drug, Liver Aid Infusion taken for liver. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
| Iris cristata Ait. Dwarf Crested Iris USDA IRCR |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Compound decoction of root used for 'yellowish urine.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
| Iris douglasiana Herbert Douglas Iris USDA IRDO |
Mendocino Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Leaf edges made into nets and ropes used to make snares for catching deer. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 330 |
| Iris douglasiana Herbert Douglas Iris USDA IRDO |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in dance wreathes at the Strawberry Festival. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 62 |
| Iris douglasiana Herbert Douglas Iris USDA IRDO |
Yokia Drug, Oral Aid Leaves used to wrap babies during berry gathering trips to retard perspiration and prevent thirst. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 330 |
| Iris douglasiana Herbert Douglas Iris USDA IRDO |
Yokia Drug, Pediatric Aid Leaves used to wrap babies during berry gathering trips to retard perspiration and prevent thirst. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 330 |
| Iris innominata Henderson Del Norte County Iris USDA IRIN |
Tolowa Fiber, Cordage Roots and leaves used to make cordage. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. Bowltube Iris USDA IRMA |
Karok Fiber, Cordage Leaves dried, scraped and used to make string or cord. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. Bowltube Iris USDA IRMA |
Karok Fiber, Cordage Used to make rope. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. Bowltube Iris USDA IRMA |
Karok Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Leaves dried, scraped & used to make fish nets, camping bags, deer snares, traps & woodpecker nets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. Bowltube Iris USDA IRMA |
Pomo Drug, Gynecological Aid Roots used to hasten the birth of a baby. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 284 |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. Bowltube Iris USDA IRMA |
Pomo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make the strongest deer snares. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 284 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Great Basin Indian Drug, Toothache Remedy Root put in a hollow tooth for toothaches. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Jemez Other, Decorations Flower used as a decoration for dances. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Klamath Drug, Emetic Dried rootstocks used by medicine men as smoking material to cause nausea. Dried rootstocks are sometimes used by medicine men as a smoking material, mixed with poison camas and a little tobacco, to give a person a severe nausea, in order to secure a heavy fee for making him well again. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Montana Indian Drug, Emetic Decoction of rootstocks used by medicine men to induce vomiting. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Nevada Indian Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of roots taken for kidney troubles. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Nevada Indian Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of roots taken for bladder troubles. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Paste of ripe seeds applied to sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Ear Medicine Warm decoction of root dropped into ear for earache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of root taken for bladder troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of root used for gonorrhea. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Poultice of mashed roots applied for rheumatic pains. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatic pains. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Burn Dressing Paste of ripe seeds applied to burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Pulped root applied as a salve for venereal sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Ear Medicine Warm decoction of root dropped into ear for earache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of root taken for gonorrhea and root salve used for venereal sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 89, 90 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Yavapai Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root taken as a purgative. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Zuni Drug, Pediatric Aid Poultice of chewed root applied to increase strength of newborns and infants. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 373 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Zuni Drug, Strengthener Poultice of chewed root used for newborns and infants to increase strength. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 373 |
| Iris setosa Pallas ex Link Beachhead Iris USDA IRSES |
Aleut Drug, Laxative Decoction of root taken as a laxative. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428 |
| Iris setosa Pallas ex Link Beachhead Iris USDA IRSES |
Eskimo, Alaska Dye, Unspecified Petals made into a dye & used for staining strands of grass for weaving colored patterns on baskets. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Iris setosa Pallas ex Link Beachhead Iris USDA IRSES |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Beverage Roasted, ground seeds used for coffee. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Iris setosa Pallas ex Link Beachhead Iris USDA IRSES |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Whole plant considered poisonous. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 140 |
| Iris sp. Broad Flag |
Navajo Dye, Green Used to make a green dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37 |
| Iris sp. Broad Flag |
Seminole Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for alligator bites. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 298 |
| Iris sp. Broad Flag |
Wintoon Fiber, Cordage Used to make cord for fish nets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Iris sp. Broad Flag |
Yana Drug, Cough Medicine Raw roots chewed for coughs. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253 |
| Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Lenz Klamath Iris USDA IRTEK2 |
Tolowa Fiber, Cordage Used to make cordage. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |