| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Needles used in making baskets. Butt ends of the needle clusters were left protruding on the outside of the basket as a decorative touch. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Diegueno Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make shelters for those gathering acorns in the mountains. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Food, Candy Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Food, Winter Use Food Sap crystallized, gathered and stored for winter use. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Other, Cash Crop Sap crystallized, gathered and sold. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Fiber, Building Material Wood used for building sweathouses. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Coagulated sap gathered from hollow trees and eaten without preparation or mixing with other foods. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Nuts roasted and used for food. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Winter Use Food Nuts roasted and stored for winter use. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Winter Use Food Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Other, Fasteners Pitch used as an adhesive. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Other, Jewelry Seeds used as beads in jewelry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Carminative Dried sap powder eaten for stomach gas. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Eye Medicine Powdered sap and milk used as drops for sore eyes and gives infants good eyes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Laxative Dried sap powder eaten to loosen the bowels. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Pediatric Aid Powdered sap and milk used as drops for sore eyes and gives infants good eyes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Food, Sweetener Sap, drained through a hole cut into the tree, dried into a 'powdered sugar' and eaten. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw, roasted, parched, boiled or pounded and mixed with cold water. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a cathartic. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Drug, Eye Medicine Sugar pine sugar used as a wash for sore or blind eyes. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Sweetener Sugar pine sugar eaten as a delicacy. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Pulverized nut shells and meat made into peanut butter and used for feasts. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Shelled nut meats used for food. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 150 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Drug, Unspecified Sugar found in bark wounds ground up, molded into cakes and used as a medicine. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 79 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Nuts rarely used for food. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 79 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Pitch used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Candy Pitch chewed for gum. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Sweetener Pitch tasted sweet like candy. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified Nuts, inside the cone, eaten fresh. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Winter Use Food Nuts, inside the cone, dried for winter use. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Toys & Games Pitch used in whistles. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Dried Food Nuts dried and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Unspecified Whole nuts mixed with powdered salmon and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Yuki Food, Candy Sweet exudation chewed as gum. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Drug, Dermatological Aid Heated pitch applied to the face to remove facial hair. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Food, Candy Pitch used as chewing gum. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Food, Porridge Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Food, Staple Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Food, Staple Used as a staple food. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Food, Winter Use Food Nuts stored in baskets or pottery jars. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Apache, Western Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used to waterproof baskets. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch used as a face cream by girls to prevent sunburn. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Basketry Needles and roots used to make baskets. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Bark used as roofing material in house construction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Food, Baby Food Nuts used as one of the few foods fed to babies instead of a natural milk diet. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |