| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Roots & sweet flag made into tea & used to soak gill nets before setting out to catch fish at night. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Infusion of leaves taken for fainting. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to swellings and infections. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40, 41 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Disinfectant Poultice of root applied to swellings and infections. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40, 41 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Chippewa Drug, Abortifacient Compound decoction of root taken for 'stoppage of periods.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken for cough. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to 'draw' and heal boils. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Chippewa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound poultice of root or decoction of root applied to fractured bone. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Chippewa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Menominee Drug, Analgesic Root used to make a drink taken for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Menominee Drug, Blood Medicine Root used in cases of blood poisoning and as a poultice for sores. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root applied to sores and used for blood poisoning. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Menominee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used to make a drink said to be good for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 24 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Menominee Food, Unspecified An aboriginal Menomini dish was spikenard root, wild onion, wild gooseberry and sugar. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 62 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Meskwaki Drug, Adjuvant Split root used as a seasoner for other medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Sprayed from the mouth upon women's heads, when they are giving birth. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Plant used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Hot poultice of pounded root applied to inflammations. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 41 |
| Aralia racemosa L. American Spikenard USDA ARRAR |
Potawatomi Food, Soup Young tips were relished in soups. Soup was a favorite aboriginal dish and still is among the Indians. Being expandable, it fits in well with the well-known Indian hospitality. After a meal is started, several more guests may arrive and they are always welcome. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 96 |
| Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick USDA ARSP2 |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Decoction of roasted and pounded roots given as a very strong emetic. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick USDA ARSP2 |
Cherokee Drug, Poison Green roots considered poisonous. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick USDA ARSP2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root, sugar and flour or bran used as a salve for boils and sores. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26 |
| Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick USDA ARSP2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of root, sugar and flour or bran used as a salve for fever. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Concow Drug, Emetic Plant eaten to cause vomiting. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves sometimes smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Karok Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used in the puberty ceremony. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Karok Food, Dried Food Berries steamed, dried and stored for future use. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Karok Food, Frozen Food Berries steamed, dried, stored and soaked in warm water before eating. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Karok Other, Containers Leaves placed over maple leaves in earth oven, forming last layer before oven covered with earth. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Karok Other, Containers Leaves used to cover stored madrono berries. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lodge poles. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Food, Forage Fruits eaten by deer. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Food, Forage Leaves eaten by cows when green grass scarce. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Food, Forage White, globular flowers eaten by doves, wild pigeons and turkeys. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Other, Decorations Leaves and scarlet berries used for decorative purposes. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Other, Stable Gear Wood used to make stirrups. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Mendocino Indian Other, Tools Wood used to make saw handles and other tools. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Pomo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves taken as a cold medicine. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Quileute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves sometimes smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Wailaki Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Yuki Drug, Emetic Plant eaten to cause vomiting. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific Madrone USDA ARME |
Yuki Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomachaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 374 |
| Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. American Dwarf Mistletoe USDA ARAM |
Bella Coola Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction taken as a potent medicine for lung hemorrhages. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56 |
| Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. American Dwarf Mistletoe USDA ARAM |
Bella Coola Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of plant taken as potent medicine for lung hemorrhages. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56 |
| Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. American Dwarf Mistletoe USDA ARAM |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction taken as a potent medicine for mouth hemorrhages. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56 |
| Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. American Dwarf Mistletoe USDA ARAM |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Dietary Aid Decoction of plant taken for emaciation and tuberculosis. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56 |
| Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. American Dwarf Mistletoe USDA ARAM |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of plant taken for mouth hemorrhages and tuberculosis. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 56 |
| Arceuthobium occidentale Engelm. Digger Pine Dwarf Mistletoe USDA AROC |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 345 |