| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Drug, Panacea Infusion of needles taken to promote general good health. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Drug, Unspecified Tree tops used by the shamans to brush people and remove their sickness. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Fiber, Building Material Wood split or ripsawed and used as lumber for house construction, caches and tent frames. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Fiber, Building Material Wood used for the building log houses. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make poles for tent frames. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Fiber, Canoe Material Wood split or ripsawed and used to make boats and canoes. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Fiber, Snow Gear Wood split or ripsawed and used to make sleds. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Cooking Tools Roots used for carving spoons and bowls. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Fasteners Roots skinned and used to lash birchbark baskets. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood pulverized, mixed with rotten willow and used to smoke hides. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Tools Wood used to make drying racks. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Pitch used in medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used for thread. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used to make beds. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used as sewing material for canoe birch bark products. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Montagnais Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of twigs taken for coughs. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion of roots and bark used for trembling and fits. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Leaves used as a reviver and bark used as a medicinal salt. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark used as a medicinal salt. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used to sew canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Caulking Material Boiled resin and tallow used to make pitch for caulking canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Unspecified Decoction of leaves and crushed bark taken for unspecified ailments. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to infected inflammations. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Potawatomi Drug, Disinfectant Poultice of inner bark applied to infected inflammations. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70 |