| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cambium layer eaten for stomach troubles such as ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of sap taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Throat Aid Pitch sucked and juice swallowed for sore throats. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Forage Cambium layer eaten by grizzly bears. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Wood placed in a basket of water to bring rain and pine cones burned to stop rain. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark used to make temporary, berry picking containers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Pollen cone ripening used as an indication that the cambium was ready to harvest. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Cold Remedy Gum used for colds. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Throat Aid Gum used for sore throats. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Staple Cambium layer used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Quinault Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to open sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Quinault Drug, Throat Aid Buds chewed for sore throats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Food, Bread & Cake Juicy inner bark dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Juicy inner bark eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Other, Fasteners Pitch used to fasten arrowheads onto shafts. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Shuswap Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Shuswap Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of inner bark taken for tuberculosis. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Sikani Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch chewed and saliva swallowed for a cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for pains. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for rheumatism. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Gum used for colds. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Salve of boiled sap and grease used for colds. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Salve of boiled sap and grease used for coughs. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and used as face cream or for blemishes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Pitch used as a sort of 'cold cream' with disinfectant properties. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Salve of resin with animal fat applied to body as a purifier after sweatbath. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of twigs with needles attached used for influenza. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for muscle and joint soreness. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Pitch mixed with bear tallow, rose petals and red ochre and rubbed on the skin of newborn babies. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Pulmonary Aid Salve of boiled sap and grease applied to back and chest for congestion. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Throat Aid Gum used for sore throats. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Throat Aid Salve of boiled sap and grease used for sore throats. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Delimbed trunks used as framework poles for traditional sleeping platforms. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Beverage Needles used to make a tea like beverage. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Beverage Twigs with needles attached used to make a tea like beverage. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Candy Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Tlingit Drug, Venereal Aid Compound infusion of sprouts and bark taken for syphilis. Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 283 |