| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Dakota Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Dakota Other, Incense & Fragrance Bunches of plants carried in bachelors' coats for the pleasant fragrance. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Dakota Other, Incense & Fragrance Plant used for perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 363 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion taken for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Cold Remedy Plants hung on walls for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Cough Medicine Used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Eye Medicine Used to make a solution for sore eyes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Febrifuge Infusion taken for fevers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion taken for flu and chills. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion taken for pneumonia. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Drug, Toothache Remedy Used for toothache. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Food, Preservative Leaves pulverized and sprinkled on meats as a preservative. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Flathead Other, Insecticide Leaves pulverized and sprinkled on meats as a bug repellant. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Used to make a beverage. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 149 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Koasati Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of leaves used as a bath for chills. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 54 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Kutenai Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion used for kidney problems. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Kutenai Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves placed on hot rocks in the sweathouse as incense. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used as a cough remedy. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of leaves used on a cloth placed on sore eyes overnight. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Drug, Hemostat Poultice of chewed leaves applied to stop the flow of blood. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of leaves used for whooping cough. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Drug, Stimulant Infusion of leaves used for fainting. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Lakota Food, Special Food Leaves chewed while people were singing and dancing. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Menominee Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of stem and leaves used as strengthening bath for infants. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Menominee Drug, Respiratory Aid Simple or compound infusion of leaves and flowers used as a universal remedy for catarrh. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 39 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Cold Remedy Compound used for colds. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Montana Indian Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion taken for expulsion of the afterbirth. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Navajo Drug, Analgesic Cold infusion of plant used as a wash for headaches. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion of plant taken or used as a bath for infant convulsions. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of flowers taken for fevers. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant taken or used as a bath for infant convulsions. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2274 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Plant boiled and steam inhaled 'to cure catarrh and bronchial affections.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for 'pain in the stomach and intestines.' Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken for 'pain in the stomach and intestines.' Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Omaha Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves used as a perfume for hair oil. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Sioux Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion taken for stomach pains. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 70 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Sioux, Teton Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of blossoms used for 'hard cold.' Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Sioux, Teton Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of blossoms used for fever. Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 270 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Winnebago Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used on pimples and other skin eruptions on the face. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Acoma Food, Spice Leaves ground and mixed with sausage for seasoning. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 34 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Beverage Leaves and young stems boiled to make a non-intoxicating beverage. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 53 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Spice Leaves used as flavoring. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Flowers dried and used as a perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used in ceremonies. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Dermatological Aid Chewed or dried leaves used as a perfume for horses, bodies and clothing. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Veterinary Aid Chewed or dried leaves used as a perfume for horses, bodies and clothing. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Cheyenne Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Stems and flowers used as fragrant pillow stuffing by young girls from puberty to marriage. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Cheyenne Other, Incense & Fragrance Dried leaves and pine needles burned over coal for a fragrance. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Hopi Food, Dried Food Dried in bundles for winter use. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 91 |
| Monarda fistulosa ssp. fistulosa var. menthifolia (Graham) Fern. Mintleaf Beebalm USDA MOFIM2 |
Isleta Food, Spice Leaves used for seasoning soups and stews. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |