| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make dishes and spoons. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrow points. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified Sap used for food. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Skagit, Upper Other, Fuel Wood used as fuel for smoking salmon. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Snohomish Dye, Red-Brown Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for scrofula sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Food, Unspecified Sap taken from the inside of the bark only with the incoming tide and used as food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Swinomish Other, Containers Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark used as a wash for scabby skin, eczema and skin sores. One informant used a concentrated decoction of the bark as a wash for her uncle who had a severe allergic reaction to hops. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Brown Bark boiled in water to make a brown dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Red Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark. Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Dye, Red Bark used as a red dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Other, Fuel Wood used as a fuel for smoking meat. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Tolowa Dye, Unspecified Bark used to dye fibers. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Stems used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Wintoon Dye, Red Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Yurok Dye, Unspecified Bark used to dye fibers. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Stems used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Used for childbirth pain and infusion of bark used for various pains. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of bark taken to purify blood and compound infusion used as a blood tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic Used as an 'emetic and purgative.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Used for skin eruptions and infusion used to bathe hives. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Used as an 'emetic and purgative.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of bark 'rubbed and blown in eyes for drooping.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of bark rubbed into the eye for eye troubles. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Hot infusion of berries taken for fever. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness and jaundice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Used for childbirth pain and compound infusion taken for menstrual period. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion taken for heart trouble. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Compound infusion of root taken and used as a bath for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hypotensive Cold infusion of bark taken to purify blood or lower blood pressure. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of scraped bark made kidneys act. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of bark given to babies for 'thrash,' a mouth soreness. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Orthopedic Aid Used for swellings and sprains. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of bark given to babies for 'thrash,' a mouth soreness. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Compound infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Compound infusion taken to 'clear milky urine.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Carrier Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of bark taken for bleeding. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Carrier Drug, Heart Medicine Decoction of bark taken 'whenever their heart moved.' Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Carrier Dye, Black Used as a black dye for fish nets. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Carrier Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make fish nets. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 72 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Orange Bark used to make an orange dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Used to make medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Micmac Drug, Analgesic Bark used for cramps. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 54 |