| Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAC |
Meskwaki Food, Spice Dried bulb used for seasoning. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 262 |
| Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAC |
Meskwaki Food, Winter Use Food Dried bulb used for winter cookery. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 262 |
| Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAC |
Potawatomi Food, Soup Very strong flavor of this plant, a valuable wild food, used in soup. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Green Bulb peelings used as a green dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Yellow Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Neeshenam Food, Unspecified Eaten raw, roasted or boiled. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Hoh Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soaked bulbs applied to sores and swellings. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Bulbs cooked and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr. Nodding Onion USDA ALCEO |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Bulbs used for flavoring. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278 |
| Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr. Nodding Onion USDA ALCEO |
Blackfoot Food, Vegetable Bulbs eaten raw. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278 |
| Allium macropetalum Rydb. Largeflower Wild Onion USDA ALMA4 |
Navajo Food, Vegetable Entire plant eaten raw or cooked with meat. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 221 |
| Allium platycaule S. Wats. Broadstemmed Onion USDA ALPL2 |
Paiute Food, Sauce & Relish Leaves eaten as a relish. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium platycaule S. Wats. Broadstemmed Onion USDA ALPL2 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and used for food. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium platycaule S. Wats. Broadstemmed Onion USDA ALPL2 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium pleianthum S. Wats. Manyflower Onion USDA ALPL3 |
Paiute Food, Sauce & Relish Green leaves eaten as a relish. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Anticosti Food, Soup Leaves salted and added to soup. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 69 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Comanche Food, Unspecified Roasted bulbs used for food. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 520 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Malecite Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Rappahannock Drug, Febrifuge Poultice of mashed, raw onions applied for fever from inflamed injury. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 32 |
| Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl. Autumn Onion USDA ALST |
Chippewa Drug, Cold Remedy Sweetened decoction of root taken, especially by children, for colds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl. Autumn Onion USDA ALST |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Sweetened decoction of root taken, especially by children, for colds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Allium stellatum Nutt. ex Ker-Gawl. Autumn Onion USDA ALST |
Chippewa Other, Toys & Games Used as toys. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek USDA ALTR3 |
Chippewa Drug, Emetic Decoction of root taken as a quick-acting emetic. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek USDA ALTR3 |
Menominee Food, Winter Use Food Large, wild onion dried for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 |
| Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek USDA ALTR3 |
Ojibwa Food, Dried Food Large, bitter, wild leek gathered in spring and dried for future use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek USDA ALTR3 |
Potawatomi Food, Vegetable Large, wild onion used for food. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104 |
| Allium unifolium Kellogg Oneleaf Onion USDA ALUN |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 323 |
| Allium unifolium Kellogg Oneleaf Onion USDA ALUN |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Bulbs and leaf bases fried and eaten. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 323 |
| Allium vineale L. Wild Garlic USDA ALVIV |
Rappahannock Drug, Hypotensive Raw root bulbs chewed for high blood pressure. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |
| Allium vineale L. Wild Garlic USDA ALVIV |
Rappahannock Drug, Pulmonary Aid Raw root bulbs chewed for shortness of breath. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |
| Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. European Alder USDA ALGL2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark used according to diagnosis. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 31 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Drug, Emetic Compound decoction of scraped inner bark taken as an emetic. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Drug, Eye Medicine Compound decoction of root used as a wash or compress for sore eyes. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 360 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root with powdered bumblebees taken for difficult labor. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Black Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Red Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Yellow Inner bark pounded, steeped and boiled to make a yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic Infusion of young plant taken for pain. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Iroquois Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of stems and couch grass rhizomes used for thick urine. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of root bark taken to congest loose mucous during a cold. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 26 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of root bark used as an astringent, healing wash for sores. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 26 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to swellings. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 26 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of root bark used as a wash for horses with saddle gall. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 26 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a reddish brown dye. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Meskwaki Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 206 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Meskwaki Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 206 |