| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Analgesic Needle smudge smoke inhaled for headaches. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant burned as ceremonial incense. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Poultice of leaves applied for chest colds. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Poultice of plant applied for chest colds. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy secretions used on wounds as an antiseptic. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of needles mixed with grease and applied as a hair tonic. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves mixed with grease and used as hairdressing. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles packed into moccasins as a foot deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles used as a deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Emetic Infusion of resin taken as an emetic to clean the insides. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Febrifuge Poultice of leaves applied for fevers. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Febrifuge Poultice of plant applied for fevers. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 273 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Oral Aid Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Pulmonary Aid Gummy secretions taken for lung troubles. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Stimulant Needle smudge smoke inhaled for fainting. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of needles taken for coughing up blood, a sign of tuberculosis. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Needle smudge used to fumigate the patient with tuberculosis. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Venereal Aid Needle smudge used to fumigate those faces that were swollen from a form of venereal disease. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Ground needles used in horse medicine bundles. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of bark given to horses for diarrhea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Little bags of needles tied on a belt and hung around the horse's neck as a perfume. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Needle smudge used to fumigate sick horses. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Food, Candy Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Food, Candy Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Food, Candy Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Food, Candy Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Chewed needles sprayed over the Horn ceremonial containers to purify them. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Needle incense used for transfer ceremonies of Black Spring tipi design & Bear Medicine Hat bundle. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves used as perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves used in buckskin bags for delightful odor & mixed with grease to add fragrance to hair oil. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Used for incense, primarily in association with the Medicine Pipe bundles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Paint Needles mixed with dry paint to make it smell better. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Other, Protection Needle smudge used for safety's sake during severe thunderstorms. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Needles burned as incense in ceremonies by persons afraid of thunder. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Cheyenne Drug, Stimulant Plant used to revive a dying person's spirit. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Cheyenne Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Burning needle smoke and aroma used to chase away bad influences (illness). Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Cheyenne Other, Ceremonial Items Used by Sundancers for confidence and protection from thunder and for purification. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Cheyenne Other, Ceremonial Items Used to drive away ill spirits or to revive spirits of the dying. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Crow Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Young twigs and leaves burned as incense in certain ceremonies. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Crow Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of crushed needles taken for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Crow Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of crushed needles taken for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Crow Drug, Laxative Infusion of crushed needles used for constipation. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, pounded, mixed with deer grease and used as a hair tonic. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles pounded and used alone or mixed with grease or marrow for skin diseases. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles, lovage roots, buckbrush leaves and pinedrops boiled and used to make hair grow longer. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Oral Aid Needles pounded, mixed with lard and used for bleeding gums. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Drug, Pediatric Aid Needles pulverized into baby powder and used for rashes from excessive urination. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Other, Incense & Fragrance Boughs used as incense. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |