| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Sweetener Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup. Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.' The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Nelumbo lutea Willd. American Lotus USDA NELU |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Shoots cooked with venison, corn or beans. The terminal shoots are cut off at either end of the underground creeping rootstock and the remainder is their potato. These shoots are similar in shape and size to a banana, and form the starchy storage reservoirs for future growth. They have pores inside, but have more substance to them than the stems. They are cut crosswise and strung upon basswood strings, to hang from the rafters for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Dakota Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Ponca Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Dakota Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ponca Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Broadleaf Arrowhead USDA SALA2 |
Meskwaki Food, Winter Use Food Boiled, sliced potatoes strung on a piece of basswood string and hung for winter supply. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 254 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Menominee Fiber, Building Material Bleached, dried rushes sewn with basswood string used for covering & side walls of medicine lodges. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74 |
| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Menominee Fiber, Building Material Bleached, sun dried rushes sewn with basswood string used for covering and side walls of wigwams. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of leaves used as an eyewash. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 200 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Poultice of leaves used for medicinal purposes. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 200 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets stronger. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound of inner bark used for dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of inner bark taken for dysentery. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 42 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Jelly used for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark mixed with cornmeal and used as poultice for boils. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Inside bark and twigs used during pregnancy for heartburn, weak stomach and bowels. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Used 'when stomach has been overheated by too free use of spirituous liquors.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Bark from tree struck by lightning chewed and spit on snakebite. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Jelly used for consumption. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Fiber, Cordage Boiled bark twisted into rope. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Used to make chair bottoms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Other, Decorations Wood used to carve. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Other, Paper Wood used for pulpwood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make dugout canoes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Cordage Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Cordage Used for twine and general utility. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Sewing Material Bast made into thread for sewing and fine yarn for weaving bags. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Food, Vegetable Young twigs and buds cooked as greens or eaten raw. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Other, Containers Bast made into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and into other cordage of all sorts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Other, Fasteners Bast strips used for tying the poles of the framework of houses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Other, Tools Wood used to make spiles for drawing out maple sap from trees into buckets during sugar making time. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Antihemorrhagic Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for internal hemorrhage. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Burn Dressing Compound decoction of leaves applied as poultice to burns or scalds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Diuretic Infusion of bark taken to increase urination. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of branches and bark and buds from another plant taken before giving birth. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 51 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound poultice of leaves applied to broken bones and swollen areas. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of branches used as wash for babies that don't walk but should. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Other Infusion of plant used for severe injuries. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion of twigs and roots taken as a panacea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of branches used as wash for babies that don't walk but should. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 383 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Stimulant Infusion of shoots taken when feeling worn out. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 384 |