| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 264 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Isleta Food, Fruit Flavorful fruit considered a delicacy. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Isleta Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Navajo Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Navajo Food, Special Food Fruits used for food and considered a delicacy. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Swinomish Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit always eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries mashed and eaten. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Diegueno Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh with cream. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Karok Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Karok Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Mendocino Indian Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh by children. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Whole plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Very small fruit, hard to find, used for food. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Okanagon Food, Staple Berries used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Pomo Food, Fruit Raw berries used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Berry used in the flower dance at the Strawberry Festival, danced by young girls. The wild strawberries could be eaten only after the strawberries were danced and blessed; they were eaten on picnic day. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Berries washed, dried and stored for winter use. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 488 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Thompson Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 488 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Thompson Food, Spice Flowers and stems used to flavor roots. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 478 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves made into pads and worn under the armpits to make them smell sweet. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Yurok Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Abnaki Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 169 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Fruit Fruit gathered, cultivated and eaten fresh. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Preserves Fruit gathered, cultivated and preserved. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots used for diarrhea. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion taken for dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for visceral obstructions. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Taken for disease of the kidneys. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Liver Aid Taken for jaundice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Taken for scurvy. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Psychological Aid Kept in home to insure happiness. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Sedative Infusion taken to calm nerves. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Fruit held in mouth to remove tartar from teeth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Taken for disease of the bladder. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fresh berries used for food. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Sauce & Relish Berries used on shortcake. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cheyenne Food, Fruit Fruits formerly used for food. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of root given for 'cholera infantum.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root given for 'cholera infantum.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |