| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Alaska Native Food, Unspecified Inner stem pulp eaten raw and often dipped in seal oil. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 133 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Aleut Drug, Cold Remedy Leaves used to make a tonic for colds. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Aleut Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of heated leaves applied to minor cuts. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Aleut Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 425 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Aleut Drug, Throat Aid Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 427 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Anticosti Food, Forage Whole plant eaten by cows. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung or hip pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound infusion of root used as poultice for pains like rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed and cooked roots applied to boils. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed, boiled root, baked root or raw root applied to boils. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of compound containing roots used for hip pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of compound containing roots used for lung pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified Young stems peeled and eaten with grease. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of fresh, young stems taken for diarrhea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of young stems applied in the removal of warts. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 76 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of roots applied to bruises and chronic swellings. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Stem pieces dipped in blood, stored and used to make soup and broths. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Stalks roasted over hot coals and eaten. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Food, Vegetable Young plant stems peeled and eaten like celery. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Stalk placed on altar of Sun Dance ceremonial. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 50 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Stalks placed on the altar of the Sun Dance ceremonial. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Other, Cooking Tools Hollow stems used by infirm people to suck soup and stew without raising up. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Other, Musical Instrument Hollow stems used to make children's flutes. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Blackfoot Other, Toys & Games Hollow stems used to make children's toy blowguns. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
California Indian Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Strong decoction of root used for rheumatism. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
California Indian Food, Vegetable Young, raw shoots eaten like celery. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Carrier Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of ground roots applied for rheumatism. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Carrier Food, Unspecified Young growth used for food. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 82 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root applied to swellings and bruises. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Carrier, Southern Other, Insecticide Infusion of blossoms rubbed on body to keep off flies and mosquitoes. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cheyenne Other, Musical Instrument Hollow stems made into whistles and used for romantic purposes at night. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled or dried root and flowers applied to boils. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Chippewa Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of root gargled or dried root chewed for ulcerated sore throat. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Growing stalks used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Boiled roots and foliage used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered roots & lard used as an ointment or poultice of root paste applied to boils and swellings. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 492 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree Drug, Toothache Remedy Root held on the sore tooth for toothaches. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 491 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree Drug, Venereal Aid Powdered roots & lard used as ointment or root paste poultice applied to venereal disease chancres. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 494 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for severe headaches. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Analgesic Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to the head for severe headaches. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of root, calamus and yellow pond lily used as a wash for painful limbs. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of ground root, calamus and yellow pond lily applied to painful limbs. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root, calamus root and yellow pond lily root applied to mancos, worms in the flesh. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Leaf petiole peeled and eaten fresh. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Pith scraped out of the roasted, main stem and eaten. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of fresh roots used for rheumatism. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of mashed root applied to rheumatic or other swellings. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Gitksan Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and other swellings. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Gitksan Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Roots, red elder bark and juniper boughs used as a smudge for evil witchcraft victims. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25 |