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Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Cooking Agent
Pulp dried and used to thicken soups and stews.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried and used as a winter food.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 16
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw or dried for winter use.
Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 16
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Soup
Fruit stewed with meat and game into a soup.
Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Cheyenne Food, Winter Use Food
Fruit dried for winter use.
Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Crow Dye, Mordant
Stems peeled and used to fix color on hides.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Flathead Drug, Analgesic
Stems smashed and used for backache.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Flathead Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of stems taken for diarrhea.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Gosiute Food, Unspecified
Joints roasted in hot coals and eaten.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Hopi Food, Fruit
Fruits cooked, freed from thorns and served with cornmeal boiled bread.
Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Hopi Food, Unspecified
Joints boiled, dipped into syrup and eaten after thorn removal.
Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Keres, Western Food, Winter Use Food
Joints singed in hot coals, boiled with dried sweetcorn and used as a winter food.
Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 57
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried and stored for winter use.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Fodder
In times of scarcity, spines were singed off and fed to stock.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Ripe fruit eaten raw.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Preserves
Fruit made into preserves.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified
Stems occasionally used for food.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified
Young joint pulp boiled and fried.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Navajo Drug, Poison
Plant used as a poison for hunting.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Navajo Dye, Red
Dead, ripe fruits used to make a cardinal dye.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Navajo Dye, Red
Fruit used to dye wool pink.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Navajo Other, Fasteners
Juice used to adhere buckskin cuttings and trimmings to the buckskin war shirt.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of flesh applied to skin sores and infections.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Diuretic
Flesh eaten to cause urination.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Soup
Flesh and fat boiled into a soup.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified
Flesh pit cooked or roasted and eaten.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Spines used to make fish hooks.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator
Blooms indicated saskatoon berries ready to be picked.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Okanagon Food, Unspecified
Insides of plants oven roasted and used for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Paiute, Northern Food, Unspecified
Flesh peeled and eaten roasted or uncooked and fresh.
Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
San Felipe Food, Unspecified
Joints formerly roasted and eaten.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
San Felipe Food, Winter Use Food
Joints singed in hot coals, boiled and dried with sweet corn to make a winter use food.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Dried Food
Berry pits roasted, after spines burned off and removed, and used for food.
Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Sioux Drug, Dermatological Aid
Stems peeled and used for wounds.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Sioux Dye, Mordant
Stems peeled and used to fix color on hides.
Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 39
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Dessert
Stems roasted over a fire, peeled and eaten as dessert by children.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Starvation Food
Stems used for food during times of famine. The stems were used for food during times of famine because they could be harvested even during the winter and early spring when few other foods were available.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Insides of plants oven roasted and used for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Roots and little bulbs cooked, peeled and the inside eaten.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Stalks cooked, peeled and the inside eaten.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Stems steam cooked in pits, the outer, spiny skin peeled off and the insides used for food. The stems could also be baked in hot coals until the spines were singed off and then squeezed until the fleshy centers popped out. The inside part was eaten and considered quite tasty. In recent years, some people mixed cactus stems with fruit cakes, but traditionally, it was eaten with northern black currants or other types of berries.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Food, Winter Use Food
Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Other, Fasteners
Mucilaginous material from cut stems used for glue by some people, but not considered very good.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Plains Pricklypear
USDA OPPOP
Thompson Other, Jewelry
Seeds strung and worn as necklaces.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498
Opuntia polyacantha var. rufispina (Engelm. & Bigelow ex Engelm.) L. Benson
Hairspine Pricklypear
USDA OPPOR
Gosiute Food, Unspecified
Joints roasted in hot coals and eaten.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375