| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Candy Pitch used as gum. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Other, Fuel Bark used as a valuable fuel. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Blackfoot Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Clallam Other, Fuel Bark and wood used for firewood. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Clallam Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make spear and harpoon shafts. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Gosiute Food, Candy Gum used for chewing gum. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Haisla Drug, Unspecified Poultice of pitch and roasted, pounded frogs applied for unspecified serious illness. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Haisla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make herring and oolichan rakes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners Pitch used for bindings. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hanaksiala Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of green bark taken for bleeding bowels and stomach troubles. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hanaksiala Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of green bark taken for excessive menstruation. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hanaksiala Drug, Throat Aid Pitch chewed for sore throats. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Havasupai Drug, Unspecified Leaves boiled and used as medicine. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Havasupai Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used ceremonially. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hesquiat Other, Fuel Pitch laden bark and limbs used as an excellent fuel. In Hesquiat mythology, Black Bear used to break off Douglas fir bark with one swipe of his paw and pile it on end in the fire. Raven wanted to have a meal with Bear and he tried to imitate Bear in collecting fuel, but he could not break off the bark; he only hurt himself. When the fire was going, Bear put his paws up to the fire and oil dripped out of them into a dish. Raven watched him doing this, and when Bear went over to eat at Raven's house, Raven tried to produce oil in a similar manner. But no oil came out of his feet, and his claws burned and shrivelled up into their present state. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Branches considered important in many of the ceremonies. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Isleta Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used for rheumatism. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Isleta Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of leaves used for paralysis. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Isleta Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used in the Easter and Evergreen dances. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Isleta Other, Ceremonial Items Trees cut, brought to the pueblo and used in the Easter ceremonies. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Jemez Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used by the Koshares for dances. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of young sprouts used for colds. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Food, Beverage Young sprouts used to make tea. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Plant sometimes used in ceremonies. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Keresan Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make costumes for dancers, prayer sticks and other ceremonial items. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Kitasoo Other, Fuel Wood used as an excellent fuel source. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material Single logs used to make dugout canoes. Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal Cold, compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark, oil, down and skunk cabbage leaf applied to carbuncles. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Kwakiutl Drug, Unspecified Pitch used as a 'good medicine.' Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Montana Indian Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Leaves used in the sweatbath for rheumatism. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Montana Indian Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of spring buds used for certain venereal diseases. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used extensively for lumber. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Montana Indian Food, Substitution Food Leaves sometimes used as a substitute for coffee. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo Other, Cash Crop Bartered with the Hano for corn and meal. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Okanagon Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Okanagon Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Okanagon Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a bladder remedy. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Oweekeno Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood, especially for cooking fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Paiute Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Paiute Food, Spice Boughs or branches used for flavoring barbecued bear meat. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Fasteners Pitch used like glue. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 49 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 49 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Leaves used as a sweatbath for rheumatism. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Herbal Steam Leaves used as a sweatbath for rheumatism. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of buds used for venereal disease. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Round Valley Indian Fiber, Basketry Small roots used to make baskets. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Round Valley Indian Food, Substitution Food Fresh leaves used as a substitute for coffee. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Round Valley Indian Other, Lighting Small branches used as torches in fishing. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |