| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried acorns stored for a year or more in granaries. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Cooked acorns used to make mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Food, Special Food Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Jewelry Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Luiseno Food, Staple Acorns eaten as a staple food. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Luiseno Food, Staple Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly gathered for storage in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Mahuna Drug, Hemostat Plant used for newborns with bleeding navels. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 56 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Mahuna Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant used for newborns with bleeding navels. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 56 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Dried Food Acorns sun dried before storing. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 80 |
| Quercus agrifolia N‚e California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Porridge Acorns used as flour for pancakes, bread, mush or soup. Acorns were dried in the sun before storing. The acorns were cracked open and the inner nuts put in a winnowing basket and rubbed to remove the chaff. They were then put into a hopper mortar basket and pounded with a pestle to the consistency of flour. This flour was sifted with a basket and placed in a basin of clean sand and water poured over it many times to remove the bitter flavor. The water was poured over a bundle of leaves or branches that served to break the fall of the water and not splash sand into the food. The ground and leached meal was then cooked into mush or thinned with water to make soup. If pancakes or bread were to be made, the flour was ground coarser and was left soaking longer in the water. For bread, the dough was shaped into cakes that were wrapped in large leaves and baked in the coals. Red earth could be added to the dough to make a dark sweet bread. Another method produced moldy acorns that were made into mush. The acorns were not dried in the sun, but were left in the house until they turned greenish with mold. The mold was rubbed off. These nuts were pounded together with whitened dry acorns and made into mush. Another method was to leave cracked acorns in a pool for four or five months. They were then removed from the shell and cooked without pulverizing. They could be used for soup or mush, or eaten whole. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 80 |
| Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Diegueno Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of chipped bark used as a wash for sores. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia California Live Oak USDA QUAGA |
Diegueno Other, Fuel Bark used as fuel for firing pottery. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark used for chronic dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Astringent bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant Bark used as an antiseptic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Bark used as an emetic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Bark used as an emetic. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Bark used after long, intermittent fevers and as a wash for chills and fevers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Bark used for indigestion and 'any debility of the system.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark taken for asthma. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Bark used as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Unspecified liquid preparation taken for 'milky urine.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Used to make woven chair bottoms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make furniture. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make corn beaters and mortars. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Cherokee Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware Drug, Disinfectant Infusion of bark used as a disinfectant. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used as a douche. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of bark used for sore throats. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for severe cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Dermatological Aid Strong infusion of bark used to cleanse bruises and ulcers. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25 |