| Alectoria fremontii Tuckerm. Black Moss |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Long, black, hair-like lichen used as a famine food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Calycadenia fremontii Gray Fremont's Western Rosinweed USDA CAFR |
Yana Drug, Febrifuge Cooked, dried, pounded seeds eaten for chills. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 252 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Cahuilla Food, Vegetable Boiled shoots and leaves eaten as greens. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Cocopa Food, Vegetable Young shoots boiled as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Havasupai Food, Bread & Cake Seeds used to make bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Hopi Food, Porridge Ground seeds used to make mush. Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Hopi Food, Spice Leaves used as flavoring with meat or other vegetables. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 300 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Hopi Food, Vegetable Leaves cooked alone as greens or boiled and eaten with a number of other foods. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 300 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Hopi Other, Containers Leaves packed around yucca fruit when baked in earth oven. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 300 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Roasted, ground seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 95-96 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Mohave Food, Vegetable Young shoots boiled as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 202 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds used to make tortillas and bread. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Goosefoot USDA CHFRF |
Paiute, Northern Food, Staple Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Drug, Cathartic Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Bark made into cordage and tied in a loop to upper ends of poles to make a winterhouse smoke hole. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Cordage Bark make into a twine and used to sting pinyon seeds for winter storage. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make cradles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Other, Containers Bark made into cordage and used to make heavy load carrying nets. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Kawaiisu Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark made into cordage and used to make rabbit nets. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Shoshoni Other, Fasteners Bark used to bind bundles of fine brush for acorn caches. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 447 |
| Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville California Flannelbush USDA FRCA6 |
Yokut Fiber, Cordage Bark made into ropes and used to bound acorn caches. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420 |
| Fremontodendron sp. |
Shoshoni Fiber, Cordage Tough bark used to make cord. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 440 |
| Geranium caespitosum var. fremontii (Torr. ex Gray) Dorn Fremont's Geranium USDA GECAF |
Gosiute Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots used for diarrhea. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 370 |
| Geranium caespitosum var. fremontii (Torr. ex Gray) Dorn Fremont's Geranium USDA GECAF |
Gosiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as an astringent. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 370 |
| Lepidium fremontii S. Wats. Desert Pepperweed USDA LEFRF |
Kawaiisu Food, Beverage Seeds pounded, mixed with water and used as a beverage. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried berries boiled into mush or ground into flour and mixed with water. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Black berries used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Food, Dried Food Berries dried and eaten like raisins. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 62 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Beverage Red berries boiled, mashed and the liquid used as a beverage. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Fruit Red berries boiled and eaten. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Fruit Red berries cooked and eaten warm or cold with sugar. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Beverage Berries gathered, washed, boiled, ground, mixed with water and used as a beverage. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried, stored and eaten without preparation. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Berries washed, boiled, dried and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Porridge Berries washed, boiled, strained, mashed and wheat added to make mush. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for ceremonial purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Havasupai Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow buckskin dye. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hopi Drug, Oral Aid Plant used for gums. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 76 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hopi Other, Tools Wood used to make various tools. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 76 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots used as a bitter tonic to promote digestion. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Laxative Roots made into a bitter tonic and used as a laxative. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Liver Aid Roots used as a bitter tonic for the liver. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a brilliant yellow dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Food, Beverage Berries used to make a beverage. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Roots and bark used as a yellow dye for buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 48 |