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Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal)
Infusion of berry used for rheumatism.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Burn Dressing
Salve used for burns.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic
Used as a cathartic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid
Salve used for skin eruptions and infusion taken as tonic for boils.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic
Infusion of flowers taken to 'sweat out fever.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant
Leaves used to wash sores to prevent infection.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Diuretic
Used as a diuretic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Emetic
Used as an emetic.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid
Taken for 'dropsy.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Other
Decoction taken for 'summer complaint.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid
Given for 'light sickness among children' and taken for 'dropsy.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra L.
European Black Elder
USDA SANIN2
Cherokee Food, Preserves
Berries used to make jellies.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Atsugewi Food, Bread & Cake
Mashed berries mixed with manzanita flour and stored in dried cakes.
Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Chehalis Food, Winter Use Food
Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of beaten leaves applied to swollen hands.
Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Choctaw Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of root taken for dyspepsia.
Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Choctaw Drug, Urinary Aid
Decoction of root taken for bladder troubles.
Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 59
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Clallam Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of bark used for diarrhea.
Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Drug, Cathartic
Decoction of leaves used as a purgative.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 24
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Drug, Cold Remedy
Decoction of leaves used for new colds.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 24
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Other, Fuel
Hollow twigs used in fire making.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Hollow twigs used for arrowshafts.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Other, Musical Instrument
Hollow twigs used for flutes.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Costanoan Other, Smoking Tools
Hollow twigs used for pipes.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Green River Group Food, Winter Use Food
Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Houma Drug, Analgesic
Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Houma Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of bark used as a wash for swelling.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Houma Drug, Tonic
Wine made from berries taken as a tonic.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Houma Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Stalks formerly used for blowguns.
Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Karok Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Karok Drug, Panacea
Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Karok Drug, Pediatric Aid
Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Karok Food, Fruit
Mashed berries used for food.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Karok Other, Musical Instrument
Lower branches used to make flutes.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Analgesic
Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of leaves used as a wash on limb affected by blood poisoning.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Cold Remedy
Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for colds.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Diaphoretic
Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Febrifuge
Infusion of flowers taken for fevers.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Herbal Steam
Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches and colds.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Herbal Steam
Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Infusion of flowers taken for measles.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Food, Preserves
Dried or fresh berries used to make jelly.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Other, Musical Instrument
Wood used to make a flute by pushing out the soft core and burning a single row of six holes.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Kawaiisu Other, Smoking Tools
Wood section hollowed out and used as a tobacco container.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 62
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Klallam Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Klallam Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197
Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli
Blue Elderberry
USDA SANIC5
Klallam Food, Winter Use Food
Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47