| Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter Stemless Townsendia USDA TOEX2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of roots given to tired horses to relieve them. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 61 |
| Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter Stemless Townsendia USDA TOEX2 |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Chewed and spit upon ceremonial knots to unravel them, 'untying medicine.' Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter Stemless Townsendia USDA TOEX2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant chewed or infusion taken to ease delivery. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
| Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter Stemless Townsendia USDA TOEX2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Pollen shaken from a horned toad pollen to unraveler string and used in unraveling ceremony. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
| Townsendia incana Nutt. Hoary Townsendia USDA TOIN |
Hopi Drug, Reproductive Aid Plant taken to induce pregnancy and insure male child. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 99 |
| Townsendia incana Nutt. Hoary Townsendia USDA TOIN |
Hopi Drug, Throat Aid Plant used to clear the throat. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 99 |
| Townsendia incana Nutt. Hoary Townsendia USDA TOIN |
Navajo Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant used in labor to facilitate delivery of the baby. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 156 |
| Townsendia incana Nutt. Hoary Townsendia USDA TOIN |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant used to expedite labor. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
| Townsendia incana Nutt. Hoary Townsendia USDA TOIN |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Unspecified Plant used as a strong medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
| Townsendia sp. |
Navajo Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant used to accelerate deliverance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Hopi Drug, Throat Aid Plant used to clear the throat. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 368 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Keres, Western Drug, Gynecological Aid Dried leaves ground into a powder and used on lacerations at childbirth. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 73 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Keres, Western Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of plant used as a wash or douche. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 73 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of crushed, dried leaves taken for stomach troubles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of crushed, dried leaves taken to accelerate deliverance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Drug, Nose Medicine Dried, pulverized plants used as a snuff for nose troubles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Drug, Throat Aid Dried, pulverized plants used as a snuff for throat troubles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Chewed by Night Chant chanter & spit upon prayersticks to facilitate the disentanglement of string. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |
| Townsendia strigosa Nutt. Hairy Townsendia USDA TOST |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Juice spat upon the wand used in the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 89 |