| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Apache, White Mountain Dye, Yellow Blossoms used as a yellow dye. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Yellow Flowers and buds boiled overnight and used as a yellow dye for basket material. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Yellow Flowers used as a yellow dye for wool. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Tewa Dye, Yellow Flowers boiled to make a yellow dye for woolen yarn. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAB2 |
Zuni Dye, Yellow Blossoms used to make a yellow dye. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Navajo Dye, Green Immature flowers, leaves or green bark boiled with heated alum and used as a green dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. glabrata (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAG |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Mature flowering tops boiled with heated alum and used as a yellow dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. hololeuca (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAH |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. hololeuca (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAH |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. latisquamea (Gray) Nesom & Baird Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAL2 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Twigs and flowers used as a yellow dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAN5 |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to make green dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 303 |
| Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush USDA ERNAN5 |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Flowers used as yellow dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 303 |
| Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird Howard's Rabbitbrush USDA ERPAH |
Hopi Dye, Green Bark used to obtain a green dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Ericameria parryi var. howardii (Parry ex Gray) Nesom & Baird Howard's Rabbitbrush USDA ERPAH |
Hopi Dye, Yellow Yellow flowers used to make a yellow dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Annual Buckwheat USDA ERAN4 |
Kiowa Dye, Unspecified Leaves rubbed on buffalo or deer hides in the process of staining and tanning. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 24 |
| Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Annual Buckwheat USDA ERAN4 |
Lakota Dye, White Blossoms, brains, liver or gall and spleen rubbed into hides to bleach them. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 54 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Blackfoot Dye, Yellow Plant pieces used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Montana Indian Dye, Yellow Used for making clothing, bedding, yellow dye and yellow paint. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Evernia vulpina (L.) Acharius |
Thompson Dye, Yellow Used to make a bright yellow dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Dye, Green Bark boiled and used as a green dye for mountain-goat wool. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Dye, Blue Bark used to make a blue dye in a manner similar to that of blue ash. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Galium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw USDA GACIC |
Cree Dye, Red Decoction of roots used as a red dye for porcupine quills. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53 |
| Galium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw USDA GACIC |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red Root used as a red dye and set with alum. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
| Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. Stiff Marsh Bedstraw USDA GATI |
Micmac Dye, Red Roots used to make a red dye for porcupine quills. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 254 |
| Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb. Alpine Spicywintergreen USDA GAHU |
Navajo Dye, Black Used to make a black dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 68 |
| Gaultheria shallon Pursh Salal USDA GASH |
Karok Dye, Black Berries rubbed over basket caps as a black stain. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Gaultheria shallon Pursh Salal USDA GASH |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Infusion of leaves used as a greenish-yellow dye. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Tops used to make a yellow dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Dakota Dye, Black Root sometimes used with another component to make a black dye. The root was not very highly esteemed for making a dye and alone was considered useless, but was occasionally used with another component to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Dye, Red Outer seed coatings boiled and used as a dull, dark red dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus sp. Wild Sunflower |
Hopi Dye, Black Seeds used to make a black textile and basketry dye. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 97 |
| Helianthus sp. Wild Sunflower |
Hopi Dye, Purple Seeds used to make a purple dye for basketry and textiles. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 97 |
| Helianthus sp. Wild Sunflower |
Hualapai Dye, Black Seeds used to make a black dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 2 |
| Helianthus sp. Wild Sunflower |
Hualapai Dye, Purple Seeds used to make a purple dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 2 |
| Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyermark Roundlobed Hepatica USDA HENOO |
Potawatomi Dye, Unspecified Roots used to make a dye for mats and baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Karok Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser. Bracted Alumroot USDA HEBR2 |
Navajo Dye, Red-Brown Stems used to make a pinkish tan dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52 |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. glabella (Torr. & Gray) Wheelock Beautiful Alumroot USDA HECYG |
Blackfoot Dye, Mordant Root added to dye baths to set the color in native dress. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. Large Leatherroot USDA HOMA4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Yellow Roots boiled with basket weeds as a yellow dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. Large Leatherroot USDA HOMA4 |
Luiseno Dye, Yellow Roots boiled to make a yellow dye. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209 |
| Hydrastis canadensis L. Goldenseal USDA HYCA |
Cherokee Dye, Unspecified Used to make a dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36 |
| Hymenopappus filifolius var. pauciflorus (I.M. Johnston) B.L. Turner Fineleaf Hymenopappus USDA HYFIP |
Hopi Dye, Unspecified Used for dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 326 |
| Hymenoxys cooperi (Gray) Cockerell Cooper's Hymenoxys USDA HYCOC2 |
Hopi Dye, Unspecified Used for a dye. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 329 |
| Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner Owlsclaws USDA HYHO |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Crushed flowers boiled with juniper ash and used as a yellow dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker Colorado Rubberweed USDA HYRIF |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Flowers used as a yellow dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 88 |
| Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly USDA ILOPO |
Cherokee Dye, Unspecified Berries used to make a dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
| Impatiens capensis Meerb. Jewelweed USDA IMCA |
Menominee Dye, Orange-Yellow Whole plant used to make an orange yellow dye. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Impatiens capensis Meerb. Jewelweed USDA IMCA |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Whole plant used to make a yellow dye, the material boiled in the mixture with rusty nails. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |