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Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
Pear Hawthorn
USDA CRCA
Meskwaki Drug, Analgesic
Infusion of twigs used for a pain in the side and bladder trouble.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
Pear Hawthorn
USDA CRCA
Meskwaki Drug, Stimulant
Infusion of root bark used in cases of 'general debility.'
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
Pear Hawthorn
USDA CRCA
Meskwaki Drug, Urinary Aid
Fruit used for bladder ailments.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
Pear Hawthorn
USDA CRCA
Meskwaki Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw and cooked.
Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Blackfoot Drug, Laxative
Decoction of dried berries taken during the winter as a mild laxative.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Blackfoot Food, Fruit
Berries used for food. Certain conditions had to be met before the berries were eaten. Otherwise, they would cause stomach cramps. The procedure was to offer the tree a gift, for boys a little bow and arrow made from the thorns, for girls a pair of miniature moccasins fashioned from the leaves. In return, the tree would not allow its berries to 'bite' the stomach. The gifts were placed on the tree and the berries collected.
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Lakota Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Ojibwa Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal
Compound decoction of root taken for diarrhea.
Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Omaha Food, Beverage
Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Omaha Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Omaha Food, Fruit
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Omaha Food, Starvation Food
Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Omaha Food, Starvation Food
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Ponca Food, Fruit
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Ponca Food, Starvation Food
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Potawatomi Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Fruit used for stomach complaints.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Potawatomi Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten by deer, bears and sometimes the Indians.
Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Winnebago Food, Fruit
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Fireberry Hawthorn
USDA CRCH
Winnebago Food, Starvation Food
Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Bella Coola Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Cheyenne Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried and used as a winter food.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Cheyenne Food, Fruit
Fresh fruits cooked and used for food.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Cheyenne Food, Winter Use Food
Pulverized, dried berries saved for winter use.
Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of shoots given to children for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Thorn used to pierce areas affected by arthritic pain. The upper end of the thorn was ignited and burned down to the point buried into the skin. This treatment was very painful, but after a scab had formed and disappeared, the arthritic pain also disappeared.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Oral Aid
Infusion of new shoots used to wash a baby's mouth for mouth sores.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid
Infusion of new shoots used to wash a baby's mouth for mouth sores.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid
Infusion of shoots given to children for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material
Wooden withes used to repair barbed wire fences.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Food, Bread & Cake
Berries mashed and dried into thin, hard cakes. Sometimes the cakes were decorated. The dried cakes were eaten as a snack on winter evenings and were used as crackers to dip into deer marrow soup to soak up the fat.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Food, Forage
Berries eaten by bears and other animals.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator
Ripened berries indicated that the mountain huckleberries in Sanpoil areas were beginning to ripen.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagon Drug, Dermatological Aid
Spines used as probes for boils and ulcers.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagon Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of sapwood, bark and roots taken as a stomach medicine.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagon Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Paiute Food, Dried Food
Berries formerly dried and eaten.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Paiute Food, Fruit
Berries formerly eaten fresh.
Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Paiute Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw or boiled.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 84
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Salish, Coast Food, Fruit
Dry, sweetish fruits eaten in late fall.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Dried Food
Berries boiled, dried and stored.
Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Fruit
Berries eaten raw.
Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Shuswap Food, Preserves
Berries used to make jelly.
Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 66
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal
Fruit considered a good health food for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and dysentery.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid
Spines used as probes 'for ripe boils and ulcers.'
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid
Spines used as probes for boils and ulcers.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of sap, bark, wood or root taken as stomach medicine.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457