| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Apache, Mescalero Food, Dried Food Fruits dried and stored for future food use. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used to make cough syrup. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of bark taken for the kidneys. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of bark taken for the bladder. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Food, Beverage Fruit used to make juice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Fruit used to make jelly. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Branches used for the Sun Dance ceremony. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Oral Aid Smashed fruits used for mouth disease. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cheyenne Food, Pie & Pudding Fruits, sugar and flour used to make a pudding. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cheyenne Food, Special Food Fruits pulverized, sun dried, boiled and eaten as a delicacy. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Cheyenne Food, Winter Use Food Sun dried plums stored for winter use. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Drug, Anthelmintic Compound decoction of root taken for worms. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound poultice of inner bark applied to cuts and wounds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 352 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Drug, Disinfectant Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of bark used as a disinfecting wash. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 376 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Dye, Mordant Inner bark scraped and used to set the color of a yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Dye, Red Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Dye, Yellow Single handful of shredded roots boiled with bloodroot to make a dark yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Food, Bread & Cake Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Crow Food, Fruit Ripe plums used fresh. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Crow Food, Winter Use Food Ripe plums dried for winter use. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Tough, elastic twigs bound into bundles and used as brooms for sweeping the floor. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Dried Food Fruit boiled, pitted and dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Dried Food Highly valued fruit pitted and dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Fruit Highly valued fruit eaten fresh and raw. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Sauce & Relish Fruit made into a sauce. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Food, Sauce & Relish Highly valued fruit cooked as a sauce. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Other, Ceremonial Items Sprout or young growth made into a wand and used ceremonially. The sprout or young growth was made into a wand by peeling it and painting it with emblematic colors and designs. An offering which consisted of tobacco or anything acceptable to higher powers was attached to the top of the wand and usually made for the benefit of the sick. The offering could be made anywhere and by anyone as long as it was executed with appropriate ceremony, but was most efficiently performed if an altar were prepared at which the wand was placed upright with the offering fastened near the top. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Other, Hide Preparation Fruit dried with buffalo hides in preparing them for tanning. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Seeds used to make playing pieces of a game similar to dice. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Fruit sun dried and boiled in water to make coffee. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 145 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Isleta Dye, Red Root bark, alder root bark and mountain mahogany root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruit eaten for food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Fruit gathered in great quantities and used immediately. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Kiowa Food, Winter Use Food Fruit gathered in great quantities, dried and stored for winter use. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Lakota Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Lakota Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Lakota Food, Starvation Food Fruits dried and eaten during famines. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Meskwaki Drug, Oral Aid Root bark used as an astringent medicine for mouth cankers. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 242 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Meskwaki Food, Fruit Plums eaten fresh. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263 |
| Prunus americana Marsh. American Plum USDA PRAM |
Meskwaki Food, Preserves Plums made into plum butter for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263 |