| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antihemorrhagic Bark held in women's mouth for blood spitting. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark applied or infusion of bark rubbed on sores, aches and eczema. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis and asthma. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken or bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Drug, Analgesic Poultice of bark, fresh sea wrack and black twinberry applied for aches and pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 260 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye, Black Bark used to make a black dye. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye, Brown Bark used to make a brown dye. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye, Orange Bark used to make an orange dye. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Dye, Red Bark used to make a red dye. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to carve masks. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Fuel Wood used for fire when drying salal berry cakes. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Musical Instrument Wood used to carve rattles. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Quileute Drug, Unspecified Infusion of bark used for medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Used to make medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Mohegan Drug, Analgesic Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Mohegan Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches and backache. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves used in the past for infected wounds or sores. The poultice was left in place over the wound until the leaves stuck to it and was then pulled off, removing the 'poison' with it. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Eskimo, Alaska Dye, Orange Bark soaked in water to make a rusty orange dye used to color tanned skins. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Fuel Wood used as firewood. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Smoke Plant Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Iroquois Dye, Brown Used as a brown dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 84 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Iroquois Dye, Brown Used as a brown dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 84 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve Sitka Alder USDA ALVIS |
Bella Coola Drug, Unspecified Cones used for an 'unspecified complaint.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve Sitka Alder USDA ALVIS |
Eskimo, Alaska Dye, Unspecified Bark used for dying reindeer skins. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve Sitka Alder USDA ALVIS |
Gitksan Drug, Tonic Bark and other plants used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Mat Amaranth USDA AMBL |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 96 |
| Amaranthus cruentus L. Red Amaranth USDA AMCR4 |
Keresan Food, Vegetable Leaves eaten as greens. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 558 |
| Amaranthus cruentus L. Red Amaranth USDA AMCR4 |
Keresan Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Seeds used to bait snares. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 558 |
| Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth USDA AMRE |
Mendocino Indian Food, Staple Small, shiny black seeds used to make pinole. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346 |
| Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth USDA AMRE |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth USDA AMRE |
Navajo Food, Porridge Seeds ground, boiled and mixed with corn flour into a gruel. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Amaranthus sp. Amaranth |
Yavapai Food, Vegetable Leaves boiled for greens and sometimes mixed with dried mescal. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual Ragweed USDA AMARA2 |
Dakota Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves and plant tops taken for bloody flux. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369 |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual Ragweed USDA AMARA2 |
Dakota Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of leaves and plant tops taken for vomiting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369 |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual Ragweed USDA AMARA2 |
Houma Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root taken for menstrual troubles. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65 |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Annual Ragweed USDA AMARA2 |
Luiseno Drug, Emetic Plant used as an emetic. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228 |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman Ragweed USDA AMPS |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and stem taken for cramps in the bowels. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39 |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman Ragweed USDA AMPS |
Cheyenne Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves and stem taken for bloody stools. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39 |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Cuman Ragweed USDA AMPS |
Cheyenne Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves and stem taken for bowel cramps. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 39 |
| Ambrosia trifida L. Great Ragweed USDA AMTRT2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Psychological Aid Root chewed to drive away fear at night. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 210 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cree, Plains Food, Dried Food Berries crushed, dried and stored for future use. Mandelbaum, David G., 1940, The Plains Cree, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 37:202-203, page 202 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Twigs and stems used to reinforce the rims of basket hoppers for pounding acorns. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Wood used as stiffening for baskets or for making handles. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Karok Food, Dried Food Berries dried and stored in big baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Karok Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |