| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Stable Gear Wood used to make saddle horns, pommel and back. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Nez Perce Other, Fasteners Pitch used as glue. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Nez Perce Other, Lighting Pitch used to make torches. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Abortifacient Green buds never chewed by pregnant women because it would cause a miscarriage. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of plant tops taken for internal hemorrhaging. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to boils. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of dried buds used as an eyewash. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of plant tops taken for high fevers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Good medicine for the stomach. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Needles spread on the floor of the sweathouse to fight off 'plhax,' witchcraft. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Needles used as insulation for underground storage pits. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make dugout canoes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Candy Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Candy Pitch used as chewing gum. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food Cambium frozen for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten like nuts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food Seeds stored for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Smoldering cones thrown into the air in the direction of rain clouds to make the rain stop. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners Pitch used to cement feathers onto arrow shafts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood used for smoking deer hides. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagon Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagon Food, Staple Cambium layer used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagon Food, Staple Nutlets or seeds used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of dry, chewed pitch used on boils. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make houses. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Food, Candy Dried pitch used as chewing gum. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Food, Dried Food Inner bark sun dried and stored. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Inner bark eaten fresh and raw. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Other, Fasteners Pitch used as glue in arrow making and other manufactures. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Other, Preservative Pitch used to protect pictures painted on rocks. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Other, Waterproofing Agent Melted pitch used to waterproof the outside of water jugs woven of willow. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Cambium layer eaten raw. This was an important food. The bark was removed in sections with the aid of wooden wedges. Sap scrapers were made from the rib of the deer by cutting it to an appropriate length, sharpening the edges and rounding the working end. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Pine nuts eaten without special preparation. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Dried Food Nuts dried and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Unspecified Whole nuts mixed with powdered salmon and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used to remove underarm odors. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Stimulant Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Other, Fuel Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Other, Hide Preparation Wood used for smoking buckskin. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Nutlets used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Pitch used for aching backs, joints and limbs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Boiled gum mixed with grease and used as an ointment for sores. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of tops used in washing the face and head by girls who want fair and smooth skin. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |