| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make unravelers for several ceremonials. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Nitinaht Other, Fuel Bark and wood used for fuel. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Hard knots used to make molded halibut hooks. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used as a pole to place fishing lures in the water. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make sea urchin spear shafts, seal spears and poles for placing codfish lures. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Pomo Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Quileute Fiber, Building Material Formerly used to make shakes and clapboards for houses. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Quinault Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Quinault Food, Candy Pitch chewed as a gum. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Quinault Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Quinault Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make shafts for harpoons, salmon spears and handles of dip nets. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Skagit Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Skagit Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of bark used as an antiseptic for infections. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Skagit Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Skagit Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Squaxin Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Drug, Analgesic Decoction of needles applied as poultice to the chest to draw out the pain. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root bark taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Drug, Oral Aid Bud tips chewed for mouth sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Drug, Throat Aid Bud tips chewed for sore throats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Drug, Tonic Decoction of needles taken as a general tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Dye, Brown Bark boiled and used on fish nets as a light brown dye to make them invisible to the fish. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Swinomish Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Yuki Fiber, Building Material Branches used to make camp shelters. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |