| Trifolium sp. |
Anticosti Food, Beverage Flowers used to make wine. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Apalachee Drug, Unspecified Plant water used for medicinal purposes. Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 98 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Seeds ground into a mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Cahuilla Food, Vegetable Leaves eaten raw or boiled as greens. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Cathartic Decoction of foliage used or foliage eaten as a purgative. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 19 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Foliage used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Diegueno Food, Vegetable Leaves cooked and eaten as greens. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 43 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Mendocino Indian Food, Forage Eaten as forage by many kinds of animals. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 359 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Fresh green foliage eaten before flowering. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 359 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Miwok Food, Dried Food Steamed clover used for food and dried for later use. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Clover eaten raw or steamed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Pomo Drug, Antiemetic Decoction of blossoms taken for vomiting. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Round Valley Indian Food, Unspecified Fresh green foliage eaten before flowering. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 359 |
| Trifolium sp. |
Yuki Food, Unspecified Eaten raw or steamed. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
| Trifolium variegatum Nutt. Whitetip Clover USDA TRVA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Vegetable Eaten considerably as greens. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 361 |
| Trifolium variegatum Nutt. Whitetip Clover USDA TRVA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified Sweet flowers and leaves eaten alone, with salt or peppernut cakes. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 36 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Luiseno Food, Unspecified Plant eaten cooked or raw. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Luiseno Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Raw or steamed buds eaten before plant bloomed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Raw or steamed leaves eaten before plant bloomed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Steamed, dried leaves soaked in water or boiled before eating in winter. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Paiute Food, Vegetable Whole plant used, without cooking, as greens. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Trifolium willdenowii Spreng. Tomcat Clover USDA TRWI |
Paiute Food, Vegetable Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified White, brittle roots formerly pit steamed or boiled and eaten with eulachon grease and stink salmon. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Unspecified Rhizomes used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Hesquiat Food, Unspecified Steamed or boiled rhizomes eaten with oil or stink salmon eggs. Stink salmon eggs made by placing salmon roe in a cod-fish stomach, plugging it with a cedarwood cork, and allowing the eggs to ferment. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 68 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Kawaiisu Food, Vegetable Green leaves eaten raw with salt. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Kitasoo Food, Unspecified Rhizomes used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Vegetable Thin, wiry roots dried, steamed or boiled, dipped in oil and eaten as vegetables. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Makah Drug, Unspecified Used for medicine. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Makah Food, Unspecified Roots steamed and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Flowers and leaves used for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Miwok Food, Beverage Wilted, dry leaves soaked and stirred in cold water to make a sour drink. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Leaves and flowers, never cooked or dried, eaten raw. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food Rhizomes steam cooked, dried, re-steamed, dipped in oil and eaten in winter. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Rhizomes eaten as accompaniments to cooked duck. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Rhizomes steam cooked, cooled and eaten immediately. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Roots eaten raw or cooked with fermented salmon eggs. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nitinaht Food, Vegetable Rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Nuxalkmc Food, Unspecified Rhizomes used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Rhizomes cooked with riceroot and eaten. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 102 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Paiute Food, Vegetable Leaves eaten uncooked as greens. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified Flowers and leaves eaten alone or with salt or peppernut cakes. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 38 |
| Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm. Cows Clover USDA TRWO |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Leaves and stems used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |