| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Raw root placed in cavities for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shuswap Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of roots taken for sores. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shuswap Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of roots taken to kill all the internal germs. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shuswap Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of roots taken for the bladder. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Young stems eaten raw. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shuswap Other, Containers Leaves used to cover a basket of berries. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sikani Drug, Analgesic Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia or rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sikani Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sikani Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Stalks used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Tanaina Drug, Unspecified Root used as a medicine. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 329 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root used as a purgative and tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Cathartic Decoction of roots taken as a purgative. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Cathartic Decoction of roots taken by warriors and hunters as a purgative. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of roots taken by warriors and hunters as a purifier. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of root used as a tonic and purgative. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of roots taken as a tonic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Plant used medicinally. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Drug, Venereal Aid Strong decoction of root used for syphilis. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 457 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Plant formerly dried for storage. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Forage Stalks used as a common food for cattle. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Frozen Food Plant frozen for future use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Young flower stalks peeled and eaten raw. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Young stalks peeled and eaten raw. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Vegetable Peeled shoots eaten as vegetables with meat or fish. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Vegetable Peeled, raw or cooked leaf stalks and flower stalks used for food. The stalks were ready to use around May and June, but after a while, they became tough, dry or sticky and were no longer good to eat. The raw stalks would cause a burning like pepper if eaten in too great a quantity; it was better to eat cooked stalks. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Thompson Food, Winter Use Food Plant canned for future use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Tolowa Food, Unspecified Stem inner layers eaten raw. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Tsimshian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Petioles rubbed on fishing gear to insure success in fishing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 326 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Washo Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root taken for diarrhea. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Washo Drug, Toothache Remedy Raw root placed in cavities for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Wet'suwet'en Food, Unspecified Stems used for food in spring. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Anticonvulsive Plant tops used in smoke treatment for convulsions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Stimulant Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Yuki Food, Unspecified Tender, young stems peeled and eaten raw. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Yurok Food, Unspecified Stem inner layers eaten raw. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |