| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of plant used internally and externally for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Smoke Plant Dried fruits added to flavor tobacco. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make cradle boards. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to make mats. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Other, Cash Crop Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Split strips thatched and placed on graves. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Blood Medicine Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Orthopedic Aid Seeds from dried fruit eaten for lumbago. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Tonic Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Cold decoction of twigs taken for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Tonic Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Tolowa Other, Decorations Dried berries used to decorate dresses. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Tolowa Other, Jewelry Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Yurok Other, Decorations Dried berries used to decorate dresses. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Berries boiled and made into jelly or preserves. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Isleta Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Isleta Food, Fruit Large fruit boiled and eaten as food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw or boiled and ground. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Winter Use Food Fruit stored for winter use. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
San Felipe Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Pulverized berries soaked in water, put in mouth and juice sucked, the solid matter spat out. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 212 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Staple Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Other, Fuel Dead wood used for fuel. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Kidney Aid Used for kidney problems. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Roots soaked in water and used as a bath on horses for shiny hair. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Branches used to form a carpet for the Holy Lodge dancer of the Sun Dance. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Branch held in the right hand and the wing of an owl in the other by the Okan dancer. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Other, Decorations Seven berries, representing the Bunched Stars, used to make headpieces worn by some dancers. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Other, Decorations Sprigs used symbolically to decorate the altar of the Marten designed tipi. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 33 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves burned as incense in ceremonies, especially to remove fear of thunder. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or used as steambath for colds. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for coughing. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for high fevers. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves burned at childbirth to promote delivery. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Herbal Steam Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or used as steambath for colds. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Love Medicine Wood flutes used to 'charm a girl whom a man loved to make her love him.' Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Sedative Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsillitis. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 4 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Crow Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Young twigs and leaves burned as incense during incantations. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Montana Indian Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |