| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison Fresh fruit considered poisonous. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Veterinary Aid Fruit given to horses for bot worms and apt to cause an abortion in cows. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Forage Fruits eaten by squirrels as forage. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Fruit Fruits roasted and eaten cold without salt. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Other, Tools Wood used as twirling sticks for making fire by friction. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Aesculus sp. Buckeye |
Cherokee Drug, Poultice Pounded nuts used in poultices. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Aesculus sp. Buckeye |
Cherokee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Pounded roots strewed on water to 'intoxicate fishes.' Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 75 |
| Aesculus sp. Buckeye |
Creek Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Roots, a very strong medicine, used in cases of 'pulmonary consumption.' Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 658 |
| Agalinis tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Slenderleaf False Foxglove USDA AGTET |
Meskwaki Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion used for diarrhea. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 246247 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cheyenne Drug, Heart Medicine Cold infusion of leaves taken for weak heart. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cheyenne Drug, Pulmonary Aid Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pain. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of root taken for cold and chest pain. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Chippewa Drug, Burn Dressing Simple or compound poultice of leaves or stalk applied to burns. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 352 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for cough of 'an internal cold.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Chippewa Other, Protection Plant used as a charm for protection. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 376 |
| Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze Purple Giant Hyssop USDA AGSC |
Meskwaki Drug, Diuretic Infusion of root used as a diuretic. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225 |
| Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze Purple Giant Hyssop USDA AGSC |
Meskwaki Drug, Unspecified Compound of plant heads used medicinally. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 225 |
| Agave lechuguilla Torr. Lechuguilla USDA AGLE |
Pima Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Fiber used to make hair brushes. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50 |
| Agave sp. Mescal |
Apache, San Carlos Food, Unspecified Pit baked and used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
| Agave sp. Mescal |
Yavapai Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Grass stem brush used to transfer excess mescal juice from dish to slab. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
| Agave sp. Mescal |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Leaf stubs and heads pounded to express juice and used as a drink. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
| Agave sp. Mescal |
Yavapai Food, Dried Food Pounded, cooked, dried meaty centers of leaves stored in houses for later use. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
| Agave sp. Mescal |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Flower stalk baked and soft, inner part used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
| Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot. White Snakeroot USDA AGALR |
Meskwaki Drug, Diaphoretic Used as a steaming agent in sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214 |
| Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot. White Snakeroot USDA AGALR |
Meskwaki Drug, Stimulant Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 214 |
| Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene Orange Agoseris USDA AGAUA |
Karok Food, Candy Root juice used for chewing gum. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
| Agoseris sp. |
Ute Food, Unspecified Leaves formerly used as food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Hemostat Root used as a styptic for nosebleeds. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Urinary Aid Compound containing root used as a medicine for urinary troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383384 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Hemostat Plant used as styptic and infusion snuffed for nosebleed by Prairie Potawatomi. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76 |
| Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman Upland Bentgrass USDA AGPE |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91 |
| Aletris farinosa L. White Colicroot USDA ALFA2 |
Catawba Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves taken for dysentery. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Aletris farinosa L. White Colicroot USDA ALFA2 |
Catawba Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves taken for colic and stomach disorders. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Aletris farinosa L. White Colicroot USDA ALFA2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of plant given to women and girls for 'female troubles.' Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |
| Alisma plantago-aquatica L. American Waterplantain USDA ALPL |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Plant made into a tea and used by forest runners. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 65 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Hoh Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Karok Food, Unspecified Bulbs relished by only old men and old women. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Paiute Food, Sauce & Relish Leaves eaten as a relish. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and used for food. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium acuminatum Hook. Tapertip Onion USDA ALAC4 |
Ute Food, Unspecified Bulbs and leaves used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
| Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. Twincrest Onion USDA ALBIB |
Paiute Food, Sauce & Relish Leaves eaten as a relish. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. Twincrest Onion USDA ALBIB |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Bulbs roasted and used for food. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. Twincrest Onion USDA ALBIB |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 |
| Allium bisceptrum S. Wats. Twincrest Onion USDA ALBIB |
Ute Food, Unspecified Bulbs and leaves used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
| Allium bolanderi S. Wats. Bolander's Onion USDA ALBOB |
Karok Food, Unspecified Bulbs relished by only old men and old women. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 |
| Allium bolanderi S. Wats. Bolander's Onion USDA ALBOB |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Corms used for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 322 |
| Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAC |
Menominee Food, Unspecified Small, wild onion used for food. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 |