| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Chippewa Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to make a mahogany colored dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Chippewa Fiber, Building Material Bark strips used for wigwam coverings. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Chippewa Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a beverage. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Chippewa Other, Cleaning Agent Boiled bark used to make a wash to clean rust from steel traps and to prevent further rusting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Delaware Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Hot infusion of roots or twigs used as a steam treatment for muscular swellings and stiff joints. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 80 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Herbal Steam Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Steam from decoction of leaves and bark used for rheumatism and as a foot soak. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction taken for rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Fermented compound decoction taken when 'blood gets bad and cold.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Cold infusion of twigs and bark taken for mild colds with fever. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of smashed needles taken for colds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of twigs and bark taken for colds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Diaphoretic Infusion of twigs and bark taken to induce sweating. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Cold infusion of twigs and bark taken for mild colds with fever. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Fermented compound decoction taken for fever. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Compound decoction taken for cholera. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Fermented compound decoction taken for soreness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Stimulant Fermented compound decoction taken when a 'person is tired.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction taken during early stages of consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Compound powder poultice 'put in bag, place penis in bag and tie around waist.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Branches and maple water used to make tea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of inside bark used for diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of young bark and fir buds or cones used for diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of boughs used for colds. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 249 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Dermatological Aid Outer layer of dried trees used as a powder for prickly heat. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 250 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of boughs used for cold in the kidneys. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 249 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Pediatric Aid Outer layer of dried trees used for chafed babies. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 250 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Bark used as medicine. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Dye, Unspecified Bark used to make a dye and tanning material. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Malecite Other, Hide Preparation Bark used to make a dye and tanning material. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of inner bark taken for abdominal pains. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of inner bark taken, one quart required, for cold. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound containing branches steamed for swellings. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Diaphoretic Leaves used in the sudatory. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of inner bark used for abdominal pains. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Drug, Herbal Steam Herbal steam from compound containing branches used for swellings. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Menominee Dye, Red Boiled bark used for dark red coloring. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Antidiarrheal Inner bark used for diarrhea. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62, 63 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Cold Remedy Bark and stems used for colds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as cough medicine and for grippe. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62, 63 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Inner bark used for chapped skin. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62, 63 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Parts of plant used for bowel, stomach and internal troubles. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Kidney Aid Roots and stems used for 'cold in kidney.' Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Bark used for grippe and inner bark used for scurvy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62, 63 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Drug, Urinary Aid Roots and stems used for 'cold in bladder.' Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Dye, Unspecified Bark used to make a dye. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |