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Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Cough Medicine
Pitch used for coughs.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Apache, White Mountain Food, Candy
Pitch used as gum.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Bella Coola Other, Fuel
Bark used as a valuable fuel.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Blackfoot Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make bows.
Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Clallam Other, Fuel
Bark and wood used for firewood.
Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Clallam Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make spear and harpoon shafts.
Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Gosiute Food, Candy
Gum used for chewing gum.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Haisla Drug, Unspecified
Poultice of pitch and roasted, pounded frogs applied for unspecified serious illness.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Haisla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make herring and oolichan rakes.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners
Pitch used for bindings.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hanaksiala Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Infusion of green bark taken for bleeding bowels and stomach troubles.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hanaksiala Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of green bark taken for excessive menstruation.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hanaksiala Drug, Throat Aid
Pitch chewed for sore throats.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 179
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Havasupai Drug, Unspecified
Leaves boiled and used as medicine.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Havasupai Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used ceremonially.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 206
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hesquiat Other, Fuel
Pitch laden bark and limbs used as an excellent fuel. In Hesquiat mythology, Black Bear used to break off Douglas fir bark with one swipe of his paw and pile it on end in the fire. Raven wanted to have a meal with Bear and he tried to imitate Bear in collecting fuel, but he could not break off the bark; he only hurt himself. When the fire was going, Bear put his paws up to the fire and oil dripped out of them into a dish. Raven watched him doing this, and when Bear went over to eat at Raven's house, Raven tried to produce oil in a similar manner. But no oil came out of his feet, and his claws burned and shrivelled up into their present state.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches considered important in many of the ceremonies.
Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Isleta Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Infusion of leaves used for rheumatism.
Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Isleta Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Infusion of leaves used for paralysis.
Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Isleta Other, Ceremonial Items
Boughs used in the Easter and Evergreen dances.
Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Isleta Other, Ceremonial Items
Trees cut, brought to the pueblo and used in the Easter ceremonies.
Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Jemez Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used by the Koshares for dances.
Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Drug, Cold Remedy
Infusion of young sprouts used for colds.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Karok Food, Beverage
Young sprouts used to make tea.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items
Plant sometimes used in ceremonies.
Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Keresan Other, Ceremonial Items
Used to make costumes for dancers, prayer sticks and other ceremonial items.
White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Kitasoo Other, Fuel
Wood used as an excellent fuel source.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material
Single logs used to make dugout canoes.
Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal
Cold, compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of bark, oil, down and skunk cabbage leaf applied to carbuncles.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Kwakiutl Drug, Unspecified
Pitch used as a 'good medicine.'
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Montana Indian Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Leaves used in the sweatbath for rheumatism.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Montana Indian Drug, Venereal Aid
Decoction of spring buds used for certain venereal diseases.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material
Wood used extensively for lumber.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Montana Indian Food, Substitution Food
Leaves sometimes used as a substitute for coffee.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Navajo Other, Cash Crop
Bartered with the Hano for corn and meal.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Okanagon Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Okanagon Drug, Kidney Aid
Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Okanagon Drug, Urinary Aid
Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a bladder remedy.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Oweekeno Other, Fuel
Wood used for firewood, especially for cooking fish.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Paiute Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding
Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Paiute Food, Spice
Boughs or branches used for flavoring barbecued bear meat.
Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Fasteners
Pitch used like glue.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 49
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Fuel
Wood used for firewood.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 49
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Leaves used as a sweatbath for rheumatism.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Herbal Steam
Leaves used as a sweatbath for rheumatism.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Pomo, Little Lakes Drug, Venereal Aid
Decoction of buds used for venereal disease.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Round Valley Indian Fiber, Basketry
Small roots used to make baskets.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Round Valley Indian Food, Substitution Food
Fresh leaves used as a substitute for coffee.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Round Valley Indian Other, Lighting
Small branches used as torches in fishing.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309