| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Kiowa Drug, Oral Aid Fresh, inner bark used as a masticatory. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Kiowa Food, Beverage Inner bark used to brew a 'tea.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Kiowa Food, Winter Use Food Dried, stored inner bark used to brew a 'tea' during the winter. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Kiowa Other, Stable Gear Forked branches used for the saddle frames. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Mahuna Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of bark applied to broken and fractured arms or legs. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 27 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Drug, Cathartic Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 56, 57 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to draw pus from a wound. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 56, 57 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Fiber, Basketry Boiled bark used to make baskets and fish nets. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boiled bark used to make matting. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Fiber, Snow Gear Boiled bark used to make nets for snowshoes. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Menominee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Boiled bark used to make matting, baskets, fish nets and nets for snowshoes. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 77 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark applied to old sores. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root taken by women to ease childbirth. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Meskwaki Fiber, Building Material Bark strips used to make sides of the winter wigwam and rainproof roof. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 270 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used for suppurating wounds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Micmac Drug, Pulmonary Aid Bark used for bleeding lungs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 63 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used for coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 132 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Mohegan Drug, Pulmonary Aid Inner bark chewed to soothe the lungs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Mohegan Drug, Throat Aid Inner bark chewed for sore throat. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Inner bark used for dry, sore throat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Stripped bark used as a wigwam cover, for the sides of the wigwam. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Drug, Laxative Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Basketry Inner bark used to make baskets. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Building Material Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Preservative Bark cooked with rendering fat as a preservative. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Preservative Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat as a preservative, to prevent it from becoming rancid. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Snack Food Bark cooked with rendering fat and prized by children as special tidbits. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Spice Bark cooked with rendering fat as a flavoring. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Spice Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat for its desirable flavor when rendering out the tallow. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Inner bark cooked with buffalo fat and prized by children as tidbits. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Other, Cooking Tools Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Other, Fuel Weathered bark used to catch the spark in firemaking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Other, Tools Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Drug, Laxative Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Fiber, Building Material Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make ropes and cords. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Other, Cooking Tools Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Other, Fuel Weathered bark used to catch the spark in firemaking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Other, Tools Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ponca Drug, Laxative Decoction of inner bark taken as a laxative. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |