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Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.
Tomcat Clover
USDA TRWI
Paiute Food, Unspecified
Seeds used for food.
Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243
Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.
Tomcat Clover
USDA TRWI
Paiute Food, Vegetable
Whole plant used, without cooking, as greens.
Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243
Trifolium willdenowii Spreng.
Tomcat Clover
USDA TRWI
Paiute Food, Vegetable
Young, tender plants eaten uncooked as greens.
Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified
White, brittle roots formerly pit steamed or boiled and eaten with eulachon grease and stink salmon.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Hesquiat Food, Unspecified
Steamed or boiled rhizomes eaten with oil or stink salmon eggs. Stink salmon eggs made by placing salmon roe in a cod-fish stomach, plugging it with a cedarwood cork, and allowing the eggs to ferment.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 68
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Kawaiisu Food, Vegetable
Green leaves eaten raw with salt.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Kitasoo Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Vegetable
Thin, wiry roots dried, steamed or boiled, dipped in oil and eaten as vegetables.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Makah Drug, Unspecified
Used for medicine.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Makah Food, Unspecified
Roots steamed and eaten.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified
Flowers and leaves used for food.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Miwok Food, Beverage
Wilted, dry leaves soaked and stirred in cold water to make a sour drink.
Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Miwok Food, Unspecified
Leaves and flowers, never cooked or dried, eaten raw.
Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 160
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food
Rhizomes steam cooked, dried, re-steamed, dipped in oil and eaten in winter.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes eaten as accompaniments to cooked duck.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes steam cooked, cooled and eaten immediately.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 110
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified
Roots eaten raw or cooked with fermented salmon eggs.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 281
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nitinaht Food, Vegetable
Rhizomes formerly steamed, dried and used as a vegetable food in winter.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Nuxalkmc Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 251
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified
Rhizomes cooked with riceroot and eaten.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 102
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Paiute Food, Vegetable
Leaves eaten uncooked as greens.
Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified
Flowers and leaves eaten alone or with salt or peppernut cakes.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 38
Trifolium wormskioldii Lehm.
Cows Clover
USDA TRWO
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified
Leaves and stems used extensively for food.
Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15
Umbellularia sp.
Laurel
Pomo Food, Unspecified
Nuts roasted in ashes and eaten with fresh clover.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 284