| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Bark and other plants used for diabetes. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Drug, Respiratory Aid Bark and other plants used for bronchitis. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Drug, Tonic Decoction of inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark and other plants used for tuberculosis. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark chewed during pre-hunting purification rituals. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla Other, Paint Plant made into black face paint and used by warriors. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of pounded leaves applied to arthritic joints. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Dermatological Aid Inner bark placed in wounds followed by an application of Sitka spruce pitch. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Dermatological Aid Juice used for sores. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Emetic Decoction or infusion of plant and sea water taken as an emetic. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of plant used as an eyewash for cataracts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of stem bark, stems or winter roots used as an eyewash for cataracts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Juice taken for stomach sickness. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Laxative Decoction or infusion taken as a laxative. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Bark used for ritual purification. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Good Luck Charm Bark used for the acquisition of luck by hunters, fishers and shamanistic initiates. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Good Luck Charm Plant used by bathing black bear and brought observer good luck. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Good Luck Charm Plant used to bring good luck. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Paint Bark charred, mixed with pounded salmon eggs and used as black face paint for dancing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Protection Bark made into face paint and used by shamans to repel enemy spirits from the shaman's patient. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Protection Plant used to cleanse areas where people had died. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Soap Decoction or infusion of bark used to wipe one's body after bathing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Hanaksiala Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion or decoction of plant taken for winter colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Hesquiat Dye, Unspecified Bark shavings and berries made into paint and used to color basket materials and other objects. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Hesquiat Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Spiny stems used as spears for catching octopus and carved into fishing lures. Because the wood is light, it spins around when pulled through the water and helps to attract fish. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Hoh Drug, Unspecified Used as medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kitasoo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant used by hunters in a bath to remove the human smell. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 327 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Klallam Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Sticks peeled, cut, fastened to bass lines and used as fish lures. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic Bark used in a steambath for body pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Rotten stem ash and oil rubbed on swellings. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Herbal Steam Bark used in a steambath for body pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Laxative Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for constipation. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Poison Spines considered poisonous. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark extract taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Plant used for the magical powers. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Kwakiutl Other, Protection Stem used as a protective charm. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Lummi Drug, Gynecological Aid Poultice of bark applied to woman's breast to stop an excessive flow of milk. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Lummi Other, Paint Sticks burned, mixed with grease or Vaseline and used as a reddish brown face paint. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Lummi, Washington Other, Paint Stems charred, mixed with grease or Vaseline and used as a black face paint. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Makah Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plant used for arthritis. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Makah Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of cooked or boiled plant applied to sore spots. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Makah Drug, Unspecified Bark and roots used medicinally. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Makah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make lures and hooks for bass fishing. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Montana Indian Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Used by medicine men in their incantations. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of bark taken for arthritis and rheumatism. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of stem pieces taken for arthritis. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of bark taken for bone ailments. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |