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Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Decoction of sapwood, bark and roots taken as a stomach medicine.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Drug, Panacea
Fruit considered a good health food for general sickness.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Dried Food
Mashed fruit dried for winter use.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Fruit
Fruit, without the seeds, eaten fresh or pureed.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Preserves
Fruit made into jam or jelly.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Pomes eaten.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 486
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Spines used for fish hooks.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Tools
Spines used for piercing ears.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Tools
Spines used to probe ripe boils and ulcers.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454
Crataegus douglasii Lindl.
Black Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Tools
Strong wood used for digging sticks and axe handles.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten fresh.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Montana Indian Food, Winter Use Food
Fruit mixed with choke cherries and service berries pressed into cakes and dried for winter use.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Montana Indian Other, Tools
Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Food, Bread & Cake
Berries mashed and formed into cakes, dried and eaten like cookies.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Okanagon Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Oregon Indian Food, Fruit
Fresh or dried fruit used for food.
Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 22
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Fruit
Whole berries eaten fresh or mashed in a mortar.
Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Food, Unspecified
Scarlet, pear-shaped pomes eaten.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Spines used as pins and fishhooks.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 454
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Spines used to make fish hooks.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497
Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii
Douglas' Hawthorn
USDA CRDOD
Thompson Other, Tools
Spines used as probes for ripe boils and ulcers.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497
Crataegus erythropoda Ashe
Cerro Hawthorn
USDA CRER
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Bread & Cake
Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
Crataegus erythropoda Ashe
Cerro Hawthorn
USDA CRER
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
Crataegus erythropoda Ashe
Cerro Hawthorn
USDA CRER
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food
Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored for winter use.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe
Bigfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRMA3
Cherokee Food, Fruit
Fresh fruit used for food.
Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56
Crataegus mollis Scheele
Arnold Hawthorn
USDA CRMO2
Omaha Food, Beverage
Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329
Crataegus mollis Scheele
Arnold Hawthorn
USDA CRMO2
Omaha Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326
Crataegus mollis Scheele
Arnold Hawthorn
USDA CRMO2
Omaha Food, Starvation Food
Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Waxyfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRPR2
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake
Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Waxyfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRPR2
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake
Used to make bread.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Waxyfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRPR2
Iroquois Food, Dried Food
Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Waxyfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRPR2
Iroquois Food, Fruit
Dried fruit taken as a hunting food.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Waxyfruit Hawthorn
USDA CRPR2
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish
Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread.
Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Dotted Hawthorn
USDA CRPU
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Dotted Hawthorn
USDA CRPU
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs.
Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Dotted Hawthorn
USDA CRPU
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid
Compound decoction of shoots and bark taken to stop menstrual flow.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351
Crataegus punctata Jacq.
Dotted Hawthorn
USDA CRPU
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine
Decoction taken to prevent 'breaking out like cancer' caused by witchcraft.
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351
Crataegus rivularis Nutt.
River Hawthorn
USDA CRRI
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison
Thorns considered poisonous.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355
Crataegus rivularis Nutt.
River Hawthorn
USDA CRRI
Mendocino Indian Other, Fuel
Wood used for fuel.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355
Crataegus rivularis Nutt.
River Hawthorn
USDA CRRI
Okanagon Food, Staple
Berries used as a principle food.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238
Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Littlehip Hawthorn
USDA CRSP
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid
Berries eaten 'for appetite.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37
Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Littlehip Hawthorn
USDA CRSP
Cherokee Drug, Heart Medicine
Infusion of bark taken for good circulation.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37
Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Littlehip Hawthorn
USDA CRSP
Cherokee Drug, Preventive Medicine
Infusion of bark taken 'to prevent current spasms.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37
Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Littlehip Hawthorn
USDA CRSP
Cherokee Fiber, Sporting Equipment
Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers.
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37
Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Littlehip Hawthorn
USDA CRSP
Cherokee Other, Protection
Infusion of bark taken or bathed in by ball players 'to ward off tacklers.'
Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37
Crataegus submollis Sarg.
Quebec Hawthorn
USDA CRSU2
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine
Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.'
Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351