| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Antidiarrheal Root used for diarrhea and kindred diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used for stomach troubles and kindred diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Reeds used as an arrow shaft for hunting small birds with arrows. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Smoke Plant Reeds filled with tobacco and used as a cigarette. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Smoking Tools Reeds used to make pipe stems. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Blackfoot Drug, Emetic Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 22 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Cahuilla Drug, Orthopedic Aid Used as a splint for broken limbs. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument Used to make a flute, usually played by men. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 101 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Chippewa Other, Cooking Tools Used to weave frames for drying berries. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Cocopa Other, Smoking Tools Tubular internodes used to smoke tobacco. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Havasupai Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Stems used to make mats for drying yucca fruit pulp, baked mescal, peaches or figs. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Havasupai Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used for arrow shafts. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Havasupai Other, Smoking Tools Stems used to make pipe stems. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Hopi Fiber, Building Material Used for roofing, tubular pipes, pipe stems and weaving rods. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 66 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Associated ceremonially with the bow and arrow. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 66 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Hualapai Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Shoots used to make arrow shafts. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 7 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Hualapai Other, Musical Instrument Shoots used to make flutes. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 7 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Iroquois Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of rootstocks and bottle brush grass used as medicine to soak corn seeds before planting. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 18 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Iroquois Drug, Other Compound used as a 'corn medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 273 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Food, Sweetener Stems dried and beaten with sticks to remove the sugar crystals. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of arrows. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Musical Instrument Reed arrows used to play the musical bow. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Musical Instrument Stems used as a clapper to maintain the rhythm in singing and dancing. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Smoking Tools Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of pipes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Stem split and the sharp edge used at birth to cut the navel cord. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Straight, rigid, hollow, bamboolike stems used in the making of fire drills. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Small stem sections used in the dice game and ring and pin game. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Keres, Western Drug, Pediatric Aid Crushed plant given to children for diarrhea. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Keres, Western Other, Unspecified Taxon known and named but no use was specified. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Klamath Fiber, Basketry Stems used for surface finish of baskets. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 91 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Klamath Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used for arrow shafts. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 92 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Maricopa Other, Smoking Tools Tubular internodes used to smoke tobacco. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 122 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Hard, hollow culms used for pipe stems, arrow shafts and in making baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Montana Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Hard, hollow culms used for arrow shafts and in making baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Montana Indian Other, Smoking Tools Hard, hollow culms used for pipe stems. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Reeds made into frames, like kite frames, and carried by dancers on last night of Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Reeds used to make prayersticks for the Mountain Chant Ceremony. The reeds were first rubbed with a polishing stone to remove the silicious surface in order that the paint might adhere well. The reeds were then rubbed with finely powdered tobacco or sometimes with snakeweed. Afterwards the reed was cut into four pieces (or ten pieces for the second ceremony). When this was finished, the sticks were colored and yucca inserted to serve as handles. The sections were then filled with some kind of tobacco. These had to be kept in order. The section growing nearest the ground was segment number one, the next number two and so on. It was also important that the side of the reed growing toward the east be indicated, so the painting would be done on the side having that exposure. This made it more potent. Fifty-two prayer sticks were made for the evening of the third day of the Night Chant. Of these, four were made of sections of reed, twelve of mountain mahogany, twelve of russian olive, twelve of sierra juniper and twelve of cherry. The first people, according to the Navajo, were supposed to have come up to this earth on a reed. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used to make arrow shafts. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Okanagon Fiber, Basketry Extensively used for basketry. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Okanagon Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Extensively used to make mats. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Okanagon Other, Decorations Extensively used to make fringe for dresses. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute Drug, Analgesic Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute Drug, Expectorant Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 116 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute Food, Sweetener Dried sap made into balls, softened by fire and eaten like sugar. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute, Northern Food, Candy Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Paiute, Northern Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stalks used to make arrow shafts. Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 75 |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Common Reed USDA PHAU7 |
Papago Other, Smoking Tools Six inch stems used as smoking tubes. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27 |