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Rubus laciniatus Willd.
Cutleaf Blackberry
USDA RULA
Quileute Food, Winter Use Food
Fruits canned and saved for future food use.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Hoh Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Hoh Food, Fruit
Fruits stewed and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food
Fruits canned and saved for future food use.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Quileute Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Quileute Food, Fruit
Fruits stewed and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus lasiococcus Gray
Roughfruit Berry
USDA RULA2
Quileute Food, Winter Use Food
Fruits canned and saved for future food use.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 62
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Bella Coola Food, Bread & Cake
Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Bella Coola Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Bella Coola Food, Preserves
Berries cooked into jam.
Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Cahuilla Food, Beverage
Berries soaked in water to make a beverage.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food
Berries dried for later use.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Cahuilla Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 134
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit
Berries mashed and eaten.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Costanoan Food, Fruit
Raw fruits used for food.
Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Cowlitz Food, Dried Food
Berries sun or fire dried and stored for winter use.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Cowlitz Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Gosiute Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Green River Group Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Hesquiat Food, Fruit
Berries eaten with oil.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Hoh Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Hoh Food, Fruit
Fruits stewed and used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food
Fruits canned and saved for future food use.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Karok Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Karok Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten fresh.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klallam Food, Dried Food
Berries dried and used for food.
Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klallam Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klallam Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klallam Food, Unspecified
Leaves and sprouts used for food.
Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klallam Food, Unspecified
Sprouts and young leaves eaten.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klamath Food, Dried Food
Berries dried for later use.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Klamath Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 99
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Makah Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten fresh.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Makah Food, Pie & Pudding
Fruit used to make pies.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Makah Food, Preserves
Fruit used to make jam.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 273
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Mendocino Indian Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried or canned for winter use.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Mendocino Indian Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Mendocino Indian Food, Winter Use Food
Fruits dried or canned for winter use.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Fruit was highly esteemed.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Nisqually Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Nitinaht Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh and raw.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dessert
Dried berries soaked in water or boiled and eaten as a dessert.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 132
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food
Berries dried and stored for winter use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 132
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit
Dried berries eaten with dried meat or fish.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 132
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Okanagon Food, Staple
Berries used as a principle food.
Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Okanagon Food, Unspecified
Used commonly for food.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Pomo Food, Fruit
Raw berries used for food.
Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Pomo Food, Winter Use Food
Berries cooked, bottled and stored for later use.
Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13
Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray
Whitebark Raspberry
USDA RULEL
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Antidiarrheal
Infusion of leaves or root taken for diarrhea.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 96