| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Mahuna Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves inserted into wound. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 16 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for boils. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 161 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Food, Dried Food Fruit with thorns rubbed off, dried and used for food. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Food, Dried Food Fruits split, sun dried and used for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruit boiled and eaten plain or boiled with dried peaches. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Food, Sauce & Relish Juice mixed with sugar and used to make syrup. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Tunas stewed with dried peaches and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 37 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Navajo Other, Designs Plant shape used as form for figures in the sandpainting of the Cactus People for the Wind Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Okanagon Food, Staple Used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Dried Food Fruits dried, stored in jars and used as sweets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Dried Food Fruits pit cooked, dried, boiled, salted and eaten with pinole. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Dried Food Pulp spread on grass, sun dried for two days, stored and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Sauce & Relish Fruits made into a syrup. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Sauce & Relish Pulp mashed with sticks, juice squeezed, strained, boiled, strained again and used as a syrup. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Unspecified Large, waxy flowers fried in grease or lard and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Vegetable Joints pit baked and used as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Food, Vegetable Joints roasted in ashes and eaten as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Papago Other, Protection Used between fence posts to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Pima Food, Unspecified Cooked and used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Pima Food, Unspecified Pulp sliced, cooked with mesquite bean pods and used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Buds used for food. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Southwest Indians Food, Unspecified Buds used for food. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Thompson, Upper (Spences Bridge) Food, Unspecified Peeled stems baked or steamed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake Ground fruit made into cakes. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Yavapai Food, Dried Food Fruit dried in cakes or opened and dried without expressing juice. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Juice used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia sp. Prickly Pear |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Salty fruit eaten only out of necessity and the seeds spat out. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey Walkingstick Cactus USDA OPSP2 |
Papago Food, Staple Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Link & Otto Thistle Cholla USDA OPTUT |
Hawaiian Drug, Laxative Leaf juice and roots used for constipation. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73 |
| Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Link & Otto Thistle Cholla USDA OPTUT |
Hawaiian Drug, Reproductive Aid Leaf juice and roots used by expectant mothers. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73 |
| Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult. Staghorn Cholla USDA OPVE |
Papago Food, Staple Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult. Staghorn Cholla USDA OPVE |
Papago Food, Vegetable Young shoots and buds eaten as greens in summer. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult. Staghorn Cholla USDA OPVE |
Pima Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 78 |
| Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult. Staghorn Cholla USDA OPVE |
Pima Food, Fruit Green fruits boiled with saltbush and used for food. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 59 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw or stewed. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Hopi Drug, Antidiarrheal Root chewed or compound decoction taken for diarrhea. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 86 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Buds boiled and eaten with cornmeal boiled bread. Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 19 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Branches made into a wand and used in Red Antway. The Antway wand consisted of five cactus branches with branches of rabbitbrush and other plants wrapped around their combined bases. The base was wrapped with yucca fiber. A small colored wooden disk was attached to each branch by a yucca fiber, each disk a different color. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make cactus prayer stick, Chiricahua Windway. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Zuni Food, Dried Food Fruit, with the spines rubbed off, dried for winter use. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Zuni Food, Fruit Fruit, with the spines rubbed off, eaten raw or stewed. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Zuni Food, Fruit Spineless fruits eaten raw or stewed. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36 |
| Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigelow Whipple Cholla USDA OPWH |
Zuni Food, Porridge Dried fruit ground into a flour, mixed with parched corn meal and made into a mush. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69 |
| Opuntia ?kelvinensis V.& K. Grant Kelvin's Pricklypear USDA OPKE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Flowers pit roasted and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Opuntia ?occidentalis Engelm. & Bigelow (pro sp.) [littoralis ? (engelmannii ? phaeacantha)] Pricklypear USDA OPOC2 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |
| Opuntia ?occidentalis Engelm. & Bigelow (pro sp.) [littoralis ? (engelmannii ? phaeacantha)] Pricklypear USDA OPOC2 |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Diced joints used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |