| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Diegueno Other, Cash Crop Fruit dried and sold by children in small sacks for ten cents. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Buds cooked and eaten. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 16 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds cooked and dried for indefinite storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds cooked and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava Brownspined Pricklypear USDA OPCAP2 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia caseyi Britt. & Rose var. magenta Pursh |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 16 |
| Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & Bigelow Dollarjoint Pricklypear USDA OPCH |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Acoma Food, Starvation Food Joints roasted and eaten during famines. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Acoma Food, Starvation Food Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Keres, Western Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried joints ground or burned into a powder and used on open sores or bad wounds. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Keres, Western Drug, Veterinary Aid Dried joints ground or burned into a powder and used on open sores or bad wounds on horses. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Keres, Western Food, Starvation Food Roasted joints used for food in times of famine. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Laguna Food, Starvation Food Joints roasted and eaten during famines. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Laguna Food, Starvation Food Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Cocopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Mohave Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Staple Buds and joints used as a staple crop. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Staple Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Vegetable Buds eaten as greens in May. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Fruit boiled and eaten without mashing. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Acoma Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Acoma Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cocopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Keres, Western Food, Cooking Agent Tunas used as a red dye for corn mush. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Keres, Western Food, Fruit Fresh tunas used for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Keres, Western Food, Winter Use Food Ground, dried tunas mixed in equal proportions with corn meal and made into a mush for winter food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Keres, Western Other, Paint Tunas used for red paint. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Keres, Western Other, Tools Thorns used for needles. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Laguna Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Laguna Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Mohave Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Papago Food, Beverage Fruits formerly fermented and used for a beverage. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Papago Food, Sauce & Relish Fruits used to make syrup. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Papago Food, Staple Fruits and joints used as a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Papago Food, Vegetable Leaves with thorns scraped off sliced in strips and eaten as greens in summer. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Pima Drug, Gynecological Aid Poultice of heated plant applied to breasts to encourage the flow of milk. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 60 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Pima Food, Fruit Fruits freed from thorns, peeled and eaten. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Pima Food, Unspecified Tender leaves sliced, cooked, seasoned like string beans and used for food. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 60 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Porridge Seeds ground with white corn and meal eaten as mush. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Diced joints used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |