| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of plants taken for pneumonia and scarlet fever. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of plants taken for tuberculosis. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of plants taken for venereal disease. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Paiute Drug, Unspecified Plant used by one shaman for curing. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 91 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Ponca Drug, Hallucinogen Dried flesh 'buttons' eaten to cause auditory and visual hallucinations. Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Ponca Drug, Unspecified Decoction of dried flesh 'buttons' taken for illness. Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Ponca Other, Ceremonial Items Flesh dried into 'buttons' and eaten during religious ceremonies. Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 48 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Winnebago Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105 |
| Machaerocereus eruca (T. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose |
Papago and Pima Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 42 |
| Machaerocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Pitahaya Agria |
Papago and Pima Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 40 |
| Mammillaria dioica K. Brandeg. Strawberry Cactus USDA MADI3 |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Small fruits eaten raw. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25 |
| Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Dried Food Dried fruit cooked and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Apache, San Carlos Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
| Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Pima Drug, Ear Medicine Plant boiled and placed warm in the ear for earaches and suppurating ears. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 57 |
| Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Baby Food Raw pulp eaten primarily by children. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Mammillaria grahamii var. grahamii Graham's Nipple Cactus USDA MAGRG4 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Snack Food Pulp eaten, primarily by children, as a snack food. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Mammillaria mainiae K. Brandeg. Counterclockwise Nipple Cactus USDA MAMA6 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Mammillaria sp. Cactus |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Flesh used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Mammillaria sp. Cactus |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Skinned inner portion of plant used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 374 |
| Mammillaria sp. Cactus |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Flesh used for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Mammillaria sp. Cactus |
Tewa Food, Unspecified Spines burned off and the entire plant eaten raw. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 62 |
| Mammillaria wrightii Engelm. Wright's Nipple Cactus USDA MAWRW2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Stems and ripe fruits used for food. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Myrtillocactus cochal (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose Cochal |
Papago and Pima Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 42 |
| Neomammillaria sp. Fishhook Cactus |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Spines removed and used for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Drug, Burn Dressing Stem ash applied to burns. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Stem ash applied to cuts. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Fruit gathered in the spring and dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit gathered in the spring and eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Maricopa Food, Unspecified Flower buds pit baked and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 201 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Pima Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 58 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Pima Other, Cash Crop Dry, woody joints made into canes, napkin rings and other tourist souvenirs. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 58 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Pima, Gila River Food, Dried Food Calyxes pit roasted with inkweed and dried for future use. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Pima, Gila River Food, Staple Flowers pit roasted and eaten as a staple. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Calyxes pit roasted with inkweed and eaten fresh. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
| Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Arizona Pencil Cholla USDA OPAR2 |
Pima Food, Fruit Green fruits boiled with saltbush and used for food. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 59 |
| Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Arizona Pencil Cholla USDA OPAR2 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Dried Food Calyxes pit roasted with inkweed and dried for future use. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
| Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Arizona Pencil Cholla USDA OPAR2 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Calyxes pit roasted with inkweed and eaten fresh. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
| Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Arizona Pencil Cholla USDA OPAR2 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Flowers pit roasted and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter Golden Pricklypear USDA OPAU2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds and for the pain. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108 |
| Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter Golden Pricklypear USDA OPAU2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Fuzz-like spines rubbed into warts or moles to remove them. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108 |
| Opuntia aurea E.M. Baxter Golden Pricklypear USDA OPAU2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds and for the pain. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 107108 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds cooked and dried for indefinite storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Seeds ground into mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds cooked and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Vegetable Joints boiled and mixed with other foods or eaten as greens. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Diegueno Food, Dried Food Fruit cleaned of thorns, dried and eaten. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |