| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Omaha Food, Sauce & Relish Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Omaha Food, Spice Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Fried bulbs used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Pawnee Food, Sauce & Relish Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Pawnee Food, Spice Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Fried bulbs used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Ponca Food, Sauce & Relish Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Ponca Food, Spice Bulbs used as a flavor for meats and soups. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Ponca Food, Unspecified Fried bulbs used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Winnebago Food, Sauce & Relish Fresh, raw bulbs used as a relish. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Winnebago Food, Spice Bulbs used as a flavor for meat and soup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey Meadow Garlic USDA ALCAM |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Fried bulbs used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Vegetable Bulbs used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 194 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Havasupai Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Green Bulb peelings used as a green dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Yellow Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Navajo Food, Winter Use Food Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, dried and stored for winter use. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Neeshenam Food, Unspecified Eaten raw, roasted or boiled. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Seminole Food, Unspecified Plant used for food. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Shinnecock Drug, Cold Remedy Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Shinnecock Drug, Disinfectant Used to destroy germs because of a volatile oil in roots. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Shinnecock Drug, Ear Medicine Heart of onion placed in ear for earache. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Shinnecock Drug, Febrifuge Onion placed in a sick room to draw fever out. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Shinnecock Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Onion placed in a sick room to draw out flu. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Spice Onions used to flavor soups and gravies. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Vegetable Onions occasionally eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Bulbs and leaves used as flavoring. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Blackfoot Food, Vegetable Bulbs and leaves eaten raw. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Juice taken for colds. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Juice given to children for hives. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Used as poultice for feet in 'nervous fever.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion taken for colic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Juice taken after 'horsemint tea' for 'gravel and dropsy.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Liver Aid Juice taken for 'liver complaints.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid Juice given to children for hives and croup. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Juice given to children for croup. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of fried plant put on chest for croup. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Juice taken for 'phthisic.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Juice taken for sore throat. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Juice taken after 'horsemint tea' for 'gravel and dropsy.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cherokee Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Cree Food, Vegetable Species used for food. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Bulbs used as condiments. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Flathead Food, Staple Bulbs used as a staple food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |