| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Other, Musical Instrument Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by children to make toy tipis. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Buds and seed capsules used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ojibwa Other, Paper Wood used for pulpwood. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Dermatological Aid Cotton down used as an absorbent on open sores. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used in various rituals. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Dye, Yellow Leaf buds used to make a yellow dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Dye, Yellow Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Fiber, Building Material Plant used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Food, Candy Fruit used as chewing gum by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used for the sacred pole and for the poles of the 'buffalo tent.' Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 321 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Fuel Bark used as fuel for roasting the clays in making skin paints. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Musical Instrument Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Sacred Items Plant used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by children to make toy tipis. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Dye, Yellow Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Dye, Yellow Waxy leaf buds boiled to make a yellow dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Food, Candy Fruit used as chewing gum by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Other, Musical Instrument Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by children to make toy tipis. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Dye, Yellow Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Food, Candy Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Other, Musical Instrument Leaves used by girls and young women to make a flute-like instrument. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Green, unopened fruits used by children as beads and ear pendants in play. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by children to make toy tipis. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Leaves used by little girls to make toy moccasins. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Acoma Food, Candy Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Candy Buds used as chewing gum. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Candy Buds used as chewing gum. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Buds used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Isleta Fiber, Building Material Smaller limbs and leaves used for thatching houses. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Isleta Fiber, Canoe Material Wood formerly used in making small boats and rafts. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Isleta Food, Candy Fruit used by children for chewing gum. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Isleta Food, Unspecified Catkins eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Isleta Other, Cash Crop Limbs used to make small bows and arrows for sale to tourists. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Jemez Food, Unspecified Catkins eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Keres, Western Food, Candy Cotton used by children for chewing gum. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Twigs mixed with spruce branches the day after the mask dance. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Keres, Western Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Laguna Food, Candy Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Fiber, Building Material Wood used for firewood, fenceposts, vigas (heavy rafters) yand tinder boxes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make cradles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Food, Candy Buds used as chewing gum. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Food, Candy Sap or catkins, alone or mixed with animal fat, used for chewing gum. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |