| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Root used for smallpox and cholera. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Montana Indian Food, Vegetable Young, raw shoots eaten like celery. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 13 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Hollow and solid leafstalks peeled and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Nitinaht Other, Toys & Games Swollen leaf sheaths and small, unexpanded leaves used in children's games. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded, fresh root applied to sores. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used to smudge a fire and drive away a bad spirit from the camp of the hunter. There is a bad spirit who is always present trying to steal away one's luck in hunting game. He must be driven away from the camp of the hunter by smudging a fire with the roots. This gets into the spirit's eyes and he cannot see the hunter leave the camp, so naturally does not follow and bother him. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Seeds used to smudge a fire and drive away a bad spirit from the camp of the hunter. There is a bad spirit who is always present trying to steal away one's luck in hunting game. He must be driven away from the camp of the hunter by smudging a fire with the seeds. This gets into the spirit's eyes and he cannot see the hunter leave the camp, so naturally does not follow and bother him. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Leaves used as greens. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots boiled and sprinkled on the fishing nets to lure fish. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of branches used as a hair tonic to prevent grey hair and dandruff. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of roots, red willow and chokecherry branches used as a cleansing medicine for the scalp. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Orthopedic Aid Heated poultice of sliced, pounded roots applied to sore backs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Vegetable Flower stalks and leaf stems peeled and eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagon Drug, Cathartic Decoction of roots taken as a purgative. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagon Drug, Tonic Decoction of roots taken as a tonic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagon Food, Staple Growing stalks used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Young flower stalks peeled and eaten raw. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Omaha Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Omaha Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root taken as a physic. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Omaha Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Pounded, dried roots mixed with beaver dung and planted in the same hole as the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Stems and petioles peeled and used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 84 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Paiute Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of mashed root applied for rheumatism. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of roots taken for colds. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Roots used as a salve for sores. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Salve made from root applied to wounds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of roasted, split plants applied to aching joints for rheumatism. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 130 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pawnee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of scraped, boiled root applied to boils. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pounded, raw or heated roots applied to rheumatism. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant used as a wash for swellings. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded, raw or heated roots applied to swellings. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of baked, pounded root used for rheumatism, arthritis and other muscular pains. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified New shoots peeled and eaten raw. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Containers Hollow stems used to carry water. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Toys & Games Dried, hollow stems used as toy blowguns to shoot berries or small pebbles. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 87 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quileute Fiber, Basketry Large blossom stems twined with sea weed, made into baskets and used by girls for playing. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Stems dipped in seal oil and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quileute Food, Vegetable Young shoots eaten raw as greens. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quinault Drug, Analgesic Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quinault Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Quinault Food, Unspecified Stems dipped in seal oil and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Salish, Coast Drug, Dermatological Aid Roots pounded, roasted, mixed with dogfish oil and used as a hair lotion to make hair grow long. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Young stems and leaf stalks eaten raw or boiled. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sanpoil Drug, Analgesic Poultice of roots applied overnight to 'painful parts, sore eyes, etc.' Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sanpoil Drug, Dermatological Aid Pounded root mixed with water and used as a hair wash for dandruff. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Sanpoil Drug, Eye Medicine Poultice of roots applied overnight to 'painful parts, sore eyes, etc.' Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root in whiskey taken and smoke of root compound inhaled for colds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root in whiskey taken for colds and coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Shoshoni Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of mashed root gargled and poultice applied for sore throat. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 85, 86 |