| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Staple Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used as a substitution during a scarcity of common live oak or black oak. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Pomo Food, Bread & Cake Acorns used to make bread. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Pomo Food, Porridge Acorns used to make mush. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Porridge Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into mush. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Soup Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into thin soup. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Staple Acorns used as the basic staple. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Wintoon Food, Dried Food Acorns dried and preserved for future use. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Wintoon Food, Unspecified Acorns leached all winter in cold, wet, swampy ground, boiled or roasted and eaten in the spring. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Mendocino Indian Food, Bread & Cake Thick acorns used to make bread. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Mendocino Indian Food, Soup Thick acorns used to make soup. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Porridge Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Soup Acorns ground into a meal and used to make soup. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Whole acorns stored for winter use. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Other, Cash Crop Acorns gathered in large quantities and traded for other foods. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 14 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Bread & Cake Acorn flour used to make bread. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Dried Food Acorns dried for winter use. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Porridge Acorn flour used to make mush. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Staple Dried acorns ground into flour. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yokut Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried acorns stored for a year or more in granaries. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Cooked acorns used to make mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Special Food Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Jewelry Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Branches, with willow branches, used to make acorn storage baskets. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |