| Ribes lobbii Gray Gummy Gooseberry USDA RILO |
Saanich Fiber, Cordage Roots boiled with cedar and wild rose roots, pounded and woven into rope. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Branches or bark twisted into strong rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix discolor Muhl. Pussy Willow USDA SADI |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make rope. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Used extensively for cordage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make excellent cord. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo Willow USDA SALAL2 |
California Indian Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used in spring to make rope. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 60 |
| Salix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo Willow USDA SALAL2 |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Cordage Tough, inner fiber formerly used to make garments. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
| Salix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo Willow USDA SALAL2 |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Cordage Tough, inner fiber formerly used to make rope. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
| Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. Pacific Willow USDA SALUL |
Chehalis Fiber, Cordage Inner bark twisted and made into two-ply strings. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix melanopsis Nutt. Dusky Willow USDA SAME2 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Used extensively for cordage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Branches and bark twisted into strong rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Fiber, Cordage Bark strips used for cord or rope. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Clallam Fiber, Cordage Bark made into string. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Klallam Fiber, Cordage Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quinault Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make lines for tumplines and slings. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Snohomish Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make a two-ply string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sp. |
Costanoan Fiber, Cordage Bark braided into rope. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Wood used to make ropes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Fiber, Cordage Branches used to make a braided strap worn across the forehead to support a water bottle. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Cordage Woven willow bark made into string and used to make salmon traps. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make line. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
| Salix sp. |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Cordage Split, outer bark twisted into twine. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
| Salix sp. |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Cordage Stems used to make fish hangers and lashings. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
| Salix sp. |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Cordage Stems used to make line. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
| Salix sp. |
Thompson Fiber, Cordage Long shoots made into rope and used in lashing together fish drying racks and fish weir stakes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279 |
| Salix sp. |
Thompson Fiber, Cordage Softened stems twisted to make rope and used to lash together fish drying racks. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279 |
| Salix sp. |
Thompson Fiber, Cordage Split withes used to make string and rope. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279 |
| Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small Saw Palmetto USDA SERE2 |
Seminole Fiber, Cordage Plant used to make rope. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504 |
| Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. Baldcypress USDA TADI2 |
Choctaw Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make cordage. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 15 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Clallam Fiber, Cordage Limbs used to make rope. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Gitksan Fiber, Cordage Inner bark strips used for cordage. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla Fiber, Cordage Inner bark strips used for cordage. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Cordage Branches twisted together to make a type of rope used to tie covers to storage boxes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Cordage Very long, straight branches or withes used to make ropes. For large ropes, such as those used in whaling, the entire branch would be used. For smaller ropes, the withes were split off into three parts: the heartwood would be removed and the outer part twisted into rope. Branches used for such ropes would be five to eight cm. in diameter. Hesquiat cedar ropes were quite famous and were often traded to other tribes. The large ropes were used long ago as whale-hunting lines, anchor lines, and binding lines for tying on house planks or tying together one's effects when moving. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Cordage Twigs and roots twisted and used as ropes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Kwakiutl Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make ropes. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Cordage Fibrous bark used to make twine and ropes. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used to make cords for fishnets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make rope. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Inner bark split into thin strips, spun and used for rope and twine. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Used to make ropes. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Young limbs twisted and used for rope material. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagon Fiber, Cordage Inner bark and stems used to make rope and twine. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Oweekeno Fiber, Cordage Inner bark made into cordage and used as lanyards or lines and to secure boxes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Quileute Fiber, Cordage Twigs and roots twisted and used as ropes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Salish, Coast Fiber, Cordage Young, slender branches used to make ropes. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Thompson Fiber, Cordage Inner bark and stems used to make rope and twine. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Wet'suwet'en Fiber, Cordage Inner bark strips used for cordage. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Cherokee Fiber, Cordage Boiled bark twisted into rope. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Cordage Bast made into cordage of all sorts. The bast was boiled and rubbed on a stick to separate the fibers which were spun into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and made into cordage of all sorts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |